农村居民点整理后耕地质量评价与应用

农村居民点整理作为耕地占补平衡的一项重要途径,其补充耕地应统筹质量与数量。该文以北京市平谷区为例,利用农用地分等方法与数据,辅助于GIS空间分析功能与邻域替代法,评价了农村居民点整理后耕地质量等别,将研究成果应用于农村居民点整理规划,核算了规划补充耕地的生产能力,探讨了规划实施的目标设定、时空安排与关键性工程措施。研究表明,全区农村居民点整理后耕地自然质量分值在0.3910～0.9745之间,划分为5个等别,可实现单产浮动区间为5769～12758kg/hm2;平谷区农村居民点整理规划中拆迁农村居民点面积为2442.60hm2,适宜整理为耕地的面积为1922.07hm2,整理后一等耕地到五等耕地分别占12.75%、21.69%、40.54%、15.36%和9.66%;近期优先整理Ⅰ级区,推进耕地规模化经营与用养结合,中期重点整理Ⅱ级区,加强培肥地力和农田水利工程建设,远期适度整理Ⅲ级区和Ⅳ级区,需长期开展山地土地平整和生态保护工程建设。该研究尝试将农用地分等理论与方法应用于农村居民点整理研究,以期为耕地占补"双平衡"的实践与管理提供科学依据。

Estimation of farmland quality after rural residential land consolidation and its application

Rural residential land consolidation is recognized as an important way of farmland requisition-compensation balance,so the quantity and quality of supplementary cultivated land using the above way should be taken into account comprehensively.With the spatial analysis function of GIS and neighborhood replacement method,this paper took Pinggu district,Beijing as a case,to estimated the quality grade of restored farmland after rural residential land consolidation by using the method and data of farmland gradation.In order to optimize the current program of rural residential land consolidation planning(RRLCP)in Pinggu district,on the basis of the results researched above,the production capacity of supplementary farmland in RRLCP was calculated,the goal setting,spatiotemporal arrangement and key engineering projects in the process of making RRLCP and implementation of this program were discussed.The results showed that:the natural quality score of farmland after rural residential land consolidation was from 0.3910 to 0.9745,which was classified into five grades,and the floating range of realizable yield per-unit was 5769 to 12 758 kg/hm2 in Pinggu district.In RRLCP,the demolition area of rural residential land was 2 442.60 hm2,and the suitable area of restored cultivated land after rural residential land consolidation was 1922.07 hm2,including five grades with proportions of 12.75%,21.69%,40.54%,15.36% and 9.66%,respectively.Accordingly,in RRLCP the first-grade regions should be the priority areas in the near future,to promote farmland quality with the large-scale management and combination of utilization and nurturing.The second-grade regions should be the key region in medium term,to fertilize the soil and strengthen the irrigation-water conservation project construction.And the third-grade and the fourth-grade regions should be the suitable region in long term,to develop the neat project of land mainly and the ecological protection project chronically in mountainous area.This paper tried to apply the theory and results of farmland gradation to rural residential land consolidation research,in order to provide scientific instructions for practice and management in "double balance" of cultivated land requisition-compensation.