基于耕地发展权价值测算的陕西省耕地保护补偿研究

基于耕地发展权价值视角测算耕地保护补偿价值,建立耕地保护补偿机制,有利于明确耕地保护权责、调动耕地保护主体的积极性、促进各区域经济发展和耕地保护的均衡和谐。因此,为准确测量耕地发展权价值,建立起融合耕地发展权价值在内的耕地保护补偿机制,该文以陕西省为例,基于耕地发展权价值测算视角,构建耕地发展权价值测算方法体系,测算了耕地盈亏平衡和耕地发展权价值,最终依据该价值确定出相应的补给和受偿情况。研究结果表明:1)2015年陕西省总体处于耕地亏损区,总赤字面积为39.52×10~4 hm~2,人均耕地赤字面积为0.0136 hm~2,耕地总面积赤字率为9.89%;2)在省级层面,陕西省现实耕地发展权价值为50.57元/m~2,考虑到陕西省耕地盈亏量,陕西省总体耕地发展权价值处于亏损状态,因此在国家未给予政策优惠的情况下实际需要支付1998.50亿元的耕地发展权资金;3)在地级市层面,西安市、汉中市、商洛市、延安市、安康市和铜川市6市(亏损程度从重到轻排序)处于耕地发展权价值补给区域,而榆林市、渭南市、宝鸡市和咸阳市4市(盈余程度从高到低排序)则处于耕地发展权价值受偿区域。

Compensation for cultivated land protection of Shaanxi province based on calculation of cultivated land development rights

Calculating compensation value in terms of cultivated land development rights value and building the compensation mechanism of cultivated land protection are beneficial for clarifying the rights and responsibilities of cultivated land protection, incentivizing the stakeholder to protect cultivated land, and facilitating the equilibrium between the development of regional economy and the protection of cultivated land. Hence, in order to accurately measure the value of cultivated land development rights and establish the compensation mechanism of cultivated land protection, based on the perspective of cultivated land development rights value calculation and taking Shaanxi Province as a case study, in this paper, we constructed the measuring system of the value of cultivated land development rights and calculated the surplus or deficit of cultivated land as well as the value of cultivated land development rights, and further divided the compensation zoning of cultivated land protection. Our results indicated that in terms of surplus and deficit of cultivated land, Shaanxi Province was in general in cultivated land deficit in 2015. The total deficit area was 39.52×104 hm2. Cultivated land deficit area per capita was 0.0136 hm2, and the deficit rate was as high as 9.89%. To be specific, four cities in Shaanxi province were in cultivated land surplus, namely Yulin, Weinan, Baoji and Xianyang Cities. The remaining six cities were in cultivated land deficit. Cultivated land deficit in Xi''an was the most serious, with a deficit of 23.43×104 hm2. Our results also showed that for the value of cultivated land development rights, the actual value of cultivated land development rights in Shaanxi Province was 505.7 thousand yuan/hm2. It is worth noting that the value of cultivated land development rights in Xi''an, Ankang, Yan''an and Weinan cities (i.e. 657.6, 586.9, 550.5 and 510.4 thousand yuan/hm2, respectively) were higher than the average level in Shaanxi Province. Benchmarking land Price was the core factor influencing the value of cultivated land development rights. The economic value of cultivated land caused the differences in the value of cultivated land development rights in different cities. In addition, in the aspect of "payment-compensation" about the value of cultivated land development rights, the overall value of cultivated land development rights in Shaanxi Province was in deficit, and it was obviously different among 10 cities. In the absence of state preferential policies, Shaanxi Province needed to pay 199.85 billion yuan of cultivated land development rights funds. At the municipal level, Xi''an, Hanzhong, Shangluo, Yan''an, Ankang, and Tongchuan cities (ranking from serious to minor in terms of deficit) were in payment areas of the value of cultivated land development rights, and Yulin, Weinan, Baoji and Xianyang cities (ranking from high to low in terms of surplus) were in compensation areas of the value of cultivated land development rights. Among the six cities, Xi''an city should pay the highest value of cultivated land development rights, reaching 154.034 billion yuan, which was more than 1/4 of the GDP of Xi''an in 2015. Hanzhong City, Shangluo City and Ankang City in the southern Shaanxi region should pay relatively high value of cultivated land development rights, accounting for 47.255, 45.287 and 31.169 billion yuan, respectively. Yan''an City in the northern Shaanxi region should pay 35.518 billion yuan. Based on the above analysis and taking into account of the specific conditions of Shaanxi Province, we put forward some policy recommendations: 1) establishing the cultivated land protection institution to compensate the cultivated land surplus area; 2) fully considering the economic development of the payment areas to ensure the compensation realization of the value of cultivated land development rights; and 3) building a long-term and effective compensation mechanism to realize the compensation sustainability of the value of cultivated land development rights.