基于RS与GIS的平朔露天矿区土地利用类型与碳汇量的动态变化

为了研究矿区土地复垦与生态重建对陆地生态系统碳素生物地球化学循环的影响,以平朔安太堡露天煤矿为研究对象,通过遥感影像解译,对矿区1976-2009年33a期间的土地利用类型与碳汇量变化进行了研究。结果表明:1)由于采矿活动和土地复垦工程的交互影响,矿区5224.98hm2范围内土地利用类型发生了巨大变化:3346.35hm2的耕地和906.45hm2的林地全部转化为工业广场、剥离区、露天矿坑、未复垦的排土场和已复垦的排土场,其中复垦面积为1167.72hm2;2)矿区生态系统的碳汇量和碳汇价值,分别由1976年的602040.22t和63214.22万元,下降为2009年的351173.50t和36873.22万元;3)1990-1996年和2001-2005年期间,矿区生态系统碳汇量分别有所上升。通过设置研究区域在33a间"全部废弃地未复垦"、"全部废弃地常规复垦"以及"全部废弃地生态复垦"3种情景模拟,得出碳汇量分别为62279.57t、961622.2t和1250108.86t,说明采取科学的土地复垦与生态重建措施,有利于整个矿区生态系统碳汇量的增加。

Dynamic changes of land use type and carbon sinks based RS and GIS in Pingshuo opencast coal mine

In order to investigate the effect of land reclamation and ecological rehabilitation in mining area on the biogeochemical cycle of carbon,the changes of land use type and "carbon sinks" storage in mining area of 33 years from 1976 to 2009 in Pingshuo opencast mining area were analyzed by remote sensing interpretation.The results showed that the type of land use had a great change,all of the arable land (3 346.35 hm2) and forest (906.45 hm2) were changed into industrial square,stripping district,open pit,unreclaimed dump and reclaimed dump.The carbon sinks and carbon sequestration value in mine ecosystem,decreased from 602 040.22 t and 63 214.22 million RMB of 1976 to 351 173.50 t and 36 873.22 million RMB of 2009 respectively.In the period of 1990-1996 and 2001-2005,the carbon sequestration in mine ecosystem showed an ascending trend.By setting the scenarios in the study area of three land use types planed in 2009,no any reclamation measures,conventional reclamation measures and ecological reclamation were simulated.The simulation results showed that carbon sequestration of three land use types were 62 279.57,961 622.2 and 1 250 108.86 t respectively,which indicated that the carbon sinks in land reclamation has been in principal position of the whole carbon sinks in mining area ecosystem.