首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
     检索      

稻田消解沼液工程措施的水环境风险分析
引用本文:王子臣,梁永红,盛婧,管永祥,吴昊,陈留根,郑建初.稻田消解沼液工程措施的水环境风险分析[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(5):213-220.
作者姓名:王子臣  梁永红  盛婧  管永祥  吴昊  陈留根  郑建初
作者单位:1. 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,江苏省农业科学院循环农业研究中心,南京 210014; 江苏省农业环境监测与保护站,南京 210036;2. 江苏省农业环境监测与保护站,南京,210036;3. 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,江苏省农业科学院循环农业研究中心,南京 210014
基金项目:国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD14B12);国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2012ZX07101004);江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目(CX(14)2106);江苏省农业三新工程项目(SXGC[2015]291)
摘    要:为研究稻田消解沼液的能力及消解沼液过程中潜在的水体环境污染风险,该文通过田间定位试验,采取工程措施,监测并分析了稻田主要生育期消解沼液过程中田面水及不同深度下渗水总氮、铵态氮和硝态氮质量浓度变化情况。结果表明:1)稻田消解沼液的关键时期是施灌后的前3 d,总氮降解幅度达46.67%~78.36%,铵态氮降解幅度达47.52%~85.27%,且穗肥期消解速率大于基蘖期。施灌后3 d内若产生径流造成周边水体富营养化的环境风险较大,可采取封闭大田排水口或增加小区田埂高度5~10 cm等田间工程措施,控制地表径流产生量和产生时间,确保安全消解,实现农业面源污染源头减量减排。2)沼液消解量在200%BS处理(沼液氮量为常规施肥氮量的2倍,即沼液量705.88 t/hm2)以上,基蘖期和穂肥期对周边水体潜在的污染风险均高于常规施肥处理,100%BS处理(沼液氮量为常规施肥氮量的1倍,即沼液量352.94 t/hm2)与常规施肥处理相比潜在的环境污染风险稍低。因此,稻田工程措施消解沼液应采取少量多次的消解方式。3)稻田工程措施消解沼液对下渗水的污染风险主要集中在基蘖期,以铵态氮污染风险为主,硝态氮污染风险较小,污染程度因下渗水深度不同而有所差异。研究表明基蘖期稻田每次沼液消解量应控制在211.76 t/hm2以内,穗肥期稻田消解沼液能力较强,污染风险较小,单次消解量低于423.53 t/hm2在该试验的一个稻米生长周期内可视为安全的。该研究结果可为稻田沼液安全消解技术及农业面源污染源头减量减排技术提供理论支撑。

关 键 词:环境控制    污染  稻田  水环境风险  沼液  安全消解  地下水
收稿时间:8/3/2015 12:00:00 AM
修稿时间:2016/1/12 0:00:00

Analysis of water environment risk on biogas slurry disposal in paddy field
Wang Zichen,Liang Yonghong,Sheng Jing,Guan Yongxiang,Wu Hao,Chen Liugen and Zheng Jianchu.Analysis of water environment risk on biogas slurry disposal in paddy field[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2016,32(5):213-220.
Authors:Wang Zichen  Liang Yonghong  Sheng Jing  Guan Yongxiang  Wu Hao  Chen Liugen and Zheng Jianchu
Institution:1. Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Circular Agricultural Research Centers, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; 2. Jiangsu Station of Agro-Ecological Monitoring and Protection, Nanjing 210036, China;,2. Jiangsu Station of Agro-Ecological Monitoring and Protection, Nanjing 210036, China;,1. Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Circular Agricultural Research Centers, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China;,2. Jiangsu Station of Agro-Ecological Monitoring and Protection, Nanjing 210036, China;,2. Jiangsu Station of Agro-Ecological Monitoring and Protection, Nanjing 210036, China;,1. Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Circular Agricultural Research Centers, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; and 1. Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Circular Agricultural Research Centers, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China;
Abstract:Abstract: To study the digestion ability of biogas slurry in paddy field and the potential risk of water environment pollution in the process of digestion, 4 irrigation amounts of biogas slurry treatments and 2 control treatments were designed based on the location test with engineering measures in this study. The treatments included 1000 t/hm2 biogas slurry at base-tiller stage of rice combined with 120 kg/hm2 nitrogen (urea) at panicle stage of rice (BS10), and 635.29, 423.53, 211.76 t/hm2 biogas slurry at base-tiller stage respectively combined with 423.53, 282.35, 141.18 t/hm2 biogas slurry at panicle stage (300% BS, 200% BS and 100% BS). The control treatments were conventional fertilization (CF) with 180 kg/hm2 nitrogen (urea) at base-tiller stage and 120 kg/hm2 nitrogen (urea) at panicle stage, and no-fertilization treatment (CK) without fertilizer both at base-tiller stage and at panicle stage of rice. Then the changes of the total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in both field surface water and soil percolation water at 40 and 60 cm depth were monitored 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7 d after biogas slurry application during the main rice growth period. The data were analyzed by Microsoft Excel (2010) and SPSS for windows (13.0). Results showed that: 1) The key period of biogas slurry digestion in paddy field was the first 3 d after irrigation with the total nitrogen degradation rate of 46.67%-78.36% and the ammonia nitrogen degradation rate of 47.52%-85.27%. And the digestion rate at panicle fertilizer stage was greater than that at base-tillers stage. The environmental risk of surrounding water body eutrophication was bigger if runoff was generated 3 d after the irrigation. To ensure safe disposal and realize the reduction of agricultural non-point source pollution source and emissions, engineering measures should be adopted such as closing field drain or increasing ridge height by 5-10 cm to control surface runoff. 2) The potential risk of surrounding water pollution with the amount of biogas slurry digestion above the 200% BS processing (i.e., 705.88 t/hm2) was higher than the conventional fertilization treatment both at base-tillers stage and at panicle fertilizer stage. Compared with the conventional fertilization treatment, 100% BS processing (i.e., 352.94 t/hm2) had a lower potential risk of environmental pollution. Therefore, the biogas slurry digestion in paddy field should adopt the way of more irrigation times and fewer disposal amounts. 3) To resolve the pollution risk to soil percolation water from biogas slurry digestion in paddy field with engineering measures was mainly concentrated in the tillers stage, and the ammonia nitrogen pollution risk was the main risk while the nitrate pollution risk was less. The pollution was different among different water penetration depths. Research indicated that the safe disposal amount of biogas slurry at a time in tillers stage should be controlled below the amount of 211.76 t/hm2, and less than 423.53 t/hm2 in panicle fertilizer stage. These results can provide a theoretical reference for the technology of biogas slurry safe disposal in paddy field and the technology of reducing emission in agricultural non-point source pollution from source.
Keywords:environmental control  nitrogen  pollution  paddy field  water environment risk  biogas slurry  safe disposal  ground water
本文献已被 CNKI 万方数据 等数据库收录!
点击此处可从《农业工程学报》浏览原始摘要信息
点击此处可从《农业工程学报》下载免费的PDF全文
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号