基于多源数据的国土空间规划用地分类体系构建和土地类型识别

准确、可靠、现势的国土空间基础数据是科学开展"双评价""三类空间"划分及其格局优化、国土空间规划编制的前提,当前中国国土空间分类存在国土调查、城乡用地、地理国情调查等多种分类体系,分类标准不一、数据来源较多,迫切需要开展国土用地分类体系优化,多源数据条件下地类转换规则、识别方法等开展研究。该研究以鹤壁市为例,采用归纳比较法对国土空间规划用地分类体系进行初步探讨,通过综合对比分析法、GIS空间叠加分析法对国土空间规划用地分类体系重构、多种分类体系转换衔接规则、国土地类识别方法进行研究。研究得出:1)国土空间规划用地分类体系分为生态保护用地、农业生产生活用地、区域设施用地和城镇发展用地4个一级类,12个二级类和45个三级类;2)基于多种分类体系下的国土分类转换策略,建立了面向国土空间规划用地分类的地类转换衔接规则和多源数据融合识别方法;3)完成了鹤壁市国土地类转换和识别,为鹤壁市进行"生态/农业/城镇三类空间"划分与格局优化、"双评价"、规划编制提供了数据支持。

Construction of land classification system and land type identification for territorial spatial planning based on multi-source data

Accurate, reliable and timely acquisition of data for spatial planning of land are prerequisite for the "dual evaluation" and "three types of spatial planning" division and pattern optimization, and the preparation of land and spatial planning. Current data of land surveys, urban and rural land usage, and various geographical classification systems have different classification standards and many data sources, so it is urgent to optimize of the land-use classification system, construct land classification conversion rules and identification methods based on multi-source data. This paper preliminary investigates the territorial planning and land classification system using the inductive comparison method. Compared with the former planning, the latest national territory planning system comprise by major functional area, land utilization and urban rural land planning. As the identification of territory classification is the basic data for land geo-spatial planning. This paper takes Hebi, Henan for example to construct the terrestrial spatial classification system and identifying terrestrial space types based on multi-source data. Hebi has large potential improvement and optimization in terms of ecological transformation and development motivation. Combined with the third national investigation of the territory classification, inductive comparison method is used to explore the classification system of territorial space and land transformation and convergence rules of the existing spatial classification system to achieve effective consecutive connection between municipal scale and multiple classification system based on the comprehensive comparative analysis method. Steps are as follows : firstly, unified coordinate system and attribute structure for multi-source data; secondly, through the spatial superposition analysis of GIS, the spatial superposition analysis of unified good data is carried out, and the reference unit of land class identification under multi-source data is constructed, so that each polygon unit has multi-source data attribute structure; thirdly, the criterion of national land class identification is constructed to solve the problem of land classification conversion conflict of multi-source data; finally, the convergence criterion and combination recognition of land classification are modified based on remote sensing image data. The results show that the land use spatial classification system is divided into four first-level categories: ecological protection land, land for agricultural production and living, land for urban development and regional facility land, 12 second-level categories and 45 third-level categories. This paper establishes the criteria of land class connection conversion and the method of fusion identification, and completes the identification of land classification for the land space planning based on the multi-source data. In 2017, the total land area of Hebi City is 2140.43 km2, the area of ecological protection land, land for agricultural production and living, land for urban development and the facility land are 453.95, 1531.53, 121.06 and 33.89 km2, respectively. This paper provides data support for Hebi City to carry out "ecological/agricultural/urban three types of space" division and pattern optimization, "dual evaluation", and planning.