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适当保水剂施用和覆盖促进旱作马铃薯生长发育和产量提高
引用本文:李 倩,刘景辉,张 磊,陈 勤,于 健,Surya N.Acharya.适当保水剂施用和覆盖促进旱作马铃薯生长发育和产量提高[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(7):83-90.
作者姓名:李 倩  刘景辉  张 磊  陈 勤  于 健  Surya N.Acharya
作者单位:1. 内蒙古农业大学农学院,呼和浩特 010019;1. 内蒙古农业大学农学院,呼和浩特 010019;1. 内蒙古农业大学农学院,呼和浩特 010019;2. 加拿大农业与农业食品部列桥研究中心,Lethbridge T1J4B1;3. 内蒙古自治区水利科学研究院,呼和浩特 010020;2. 加拿大农业与农业食品部列桥研究中心,Lethbridge T1J4B1
基金项目:水利部科技推广项目,保水剂技术的推广应用(TG1144);内蒙古重大基础研究开放课题(2010KF01);内蒙古农业大学科技创新团队建设计划项目(NDTD2010-8)。
摘    要:为明确保水剂、秸秆覆盖及行间覆膜等抗旱保水措施对旱作马铃薯渗透调节物质、质膜体系等生理特性的影响和对产量的作用效果,以夏波蒂品种马铃薯为材料,设对照、秸秆覆盖、行间覆膜、单施保水剂、秸秆覆盖加施保水剂、行间覆膜加施保水剂6个处理田间试验。结果表明:各处理的马铃薯叶片细胞质膜透性苗期较大,而后呈先降后升趋势;丙二醛、脯氨酸含量随生育期推进呈逐渐增加趋势;可溶性糖含量呈"单峰"曲线变化。行间覆膜加施保水剂、单施保水剂、秸秆覆盖、秸秆覆盖加施保水剂处理较好地缓和了土壤的干旱情况,有效降低了马铃薯叶片中的渗透调节物质和质膜体系。马铃薯生育后期,至淀粉积累期,各处理脯氨酸含量、可溶性糖含量、质膜透性和丙二醛含量变化较为稳定,行间覆膜加施保水剂处理脯氨酸含量、可溶性糖含量、质膜透性和丙二醛含量较对照分别减少15.57%、6.90%、42.79%和17.69%,单施保水剂处理分别减少2.31%、5.17%、10.62%和8.04%,秸秆覆盖处理分别减少28.45%、3.45%、51.63%和25.58%,秸秆覆盖加施保水剂处理分别减少25.14%、12.07%、49.17%和22.58%,降低干旱胁迫程度明显。马铃薯成熟收获期,秸秆覆盖及其加施保水剂处理各土层的土壤含水率变化相对稳定;0~20cm土层加施保水剂处理的土壤含水率相对高于不加保水剂处理。秸秆覆盖、秸秆覆盖加施保水剂、单施保水剂及行间覆膜加施保水剂处理显著增加了马铃薯产量和商品薯率(P<0.05)。总体上,秸秆覆盖处理较有效地缓和了土壤旱情,秸秆覆盖加施保水剂、单施保水剂和行间覆膜加施保水剂处理作用效果也较好,降低了干旱胁迫程度,促进了马铃薯的生长发育、产量提高。

关 键 词:干旱  土壤含水率  渗透性  马铃薯  保水剂  覆盖  渗透调节  质膜透性
收稿时间:2012/5/21 0:00:00
修稿时间:2013/3/15 0:00:00

Using water-retaining agent and mulch to improve growth and yield of potato under dry farming
Li Qian,Liu Jinghui,Zhang Lei,Qin Chen,Yu Jian and Surya N.Acharya.Using water-retaining agent and mulch to improve growth and yield of potato under dry farming[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2013,29(7):83-90.
Authors:Li Qian  Liu Jinghui  Zhang Lei  Qin Chen  Yu Jian and Surya NAcharya
Institution:Li Qian 1 , Liu Jinghui 1※ , Zhang Lei 1 , Qin Chen 2 , Yu Jian 3 , Surya N.Acharya 2 (1.Agricultural College, Inner Mongolia Agriculture University, Hohhot 010019, China; 2. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Lethbridge Research Center, Lethbridge T1J4B1, Canada; 3. Water Resouces Research Institute of Inner Mongolia, Hohhot 010020, China)
Abstract:Abstract: To explore drought resistant effects of water-retaining agent, straw mulch and plastic film mulch between lines on osmotic substances and plasmas membrane system and yield of potato under dry farming, potato variety 'Shepody' was used, and totally six treatments such as straw mulch, plastic film mulch between lines, control group, and combined with water-retaining agent were set in the field experiment. The results showed that the value of plasmas membrane permeability was larger at seedling stage, then decreased and increased again from tuber bulking stage. Contents of proline and malonaldehyde presented a gradual increment trend in different growth stages, but content of soluble sugar showed a single-peak curve change. Lower contents of osmotic regulation substances and plasmas membrane permeability were observed in the treatments of plastic mulch between lines combined with water-retaining agent, water-retaining agent, straw mulch, and straw mulch combined with water-retaining agent, all these treatments released drought stress efficiently. Potato growth anaphase, till starch accumulation stage, proline content, soluble sugar content, plasma membrane permeability and malondialdehyde content changes were relatively stable. Compared with control group, the four indexes of plastic mulch between lines combined with water-retaining agent treatment decreased by 15.57%, 6.90%, 42.79% and 17.69%, respectively. The four indexes of water-retaining agent treatment decreased by 2.31%, 5.17%, 10.62% and 8.04%, respectively, which of straw mulch treatment decreased by 28.45%, 3.45%, 51.63% and 25.58%, respectively, and 25.14%, 12.07%, 49.17% and 22.58%, respectively for straw mulch combined with water-retaining agent treatment. At potato mature stage, soil moisture content under straw mulch combined with water-retaining agent treatments changed stably, 0-20 cm soil moisture content under water-retaining agent treatment was higher than that without water-retention agent treatments. Straw mulch combined with water-retaining agent, plastic mulch between lines combined with water-retaining agent and water-retaining agent treatments increased yield and commodity tuber rate of potato significantly (P<0.05). In all, straw mulch treatment decreased drought stress mostly, straw mulch combined with water-retaining agent, plastic mulch between lines combined with water-retaining agent and water-retaining agent treatments relieved drought stress obviously, and promoted potato growth and development and yield effectively.
Keywords:drought  soil moisture  osmosis  potato  water-retaining agent  mulch  osmotic regulation  plasma membrane permeability
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