基于全混合日粮饲喂技术的精饲料精确饲喂模式

为了提高奶牛产量、降低生产成本，奶牛精细饲喂是重要的实现途径，该文对奶牛精饲料精确饲喂与配套饲喂模式进行了研究。该文以个体奶牛为饲养管理单位对200头和500头牛群进行了"TMR（total mixed ration，全混合日粮）+精饲料精确饲喂"饲喂模式的牛舍内和奶厅外饲喂研究，试验结果表明：牛舍内饲喂采用牛颈枷间距1.2 m，装备行进速度0.45 m/s时，识别系统对奶牛的识别率100%，识别准确率不小于96%，抢食率不大于4%，系统响应时间不大于2 s，每百头奶牛饲喂时间不大于0.4 h；奶厅外饲喂采用牛颈枷间距1.4 m，装备行进速度0.7 m/s时，识别系统对奶牛的识别率100%，识别准确率不小于99%，抢食率为0，系统响应时间不大于2 s，每百头奶牛饲喂时间不大于0.35 h；同时试验期间比2011年同期传统"TMR+人工补饲精饲料"饲喂模式平均单产提高0.8 kg/d，并减轻了劳动强度。研究结果可为奶牛饲喂与养殖模式相关研究、牛场建设与改造等提供参考。

Study on concentrated precise feeding pattern based on feeding technology of TMR

Abstract: In order to increase the yield of high producing dairy cows and reduce the cost of production, realizing precise feeding is one of the most important ways to achieve success. In this paper, cows' precise feeding and feeding pattern were studied. This paper takes a single dairy cow as the feeding and management unit, and conducts a study on 200 and 500 cows for the "TMR(total mixed ration)+ concentrate precise feeding" feeding pattern: This study was based on the use of a self-propelled precise feeding machine for a single dairy cow, and constantlyattempted to perfect the equipment and improve the feeding efficiency , feeding precision and the identification distance of the equipment. When the speed of screw shaft is 60 r/min, the feeding efficiency is 2-4 kg/time, feeding precision is not less than 98%, and the identification distance is not less than 0.75 m; According to the situation of the dairy farm, data was taken inside the cowshed and outside the milking parlor feeding, two kinds of ways to a single use, also a combination could be used , adjusted according to the actual situation. The test results indicated that with inside cowshed feeding and cow neck cangue spacing of 1.2 m, with equipment travel speed of 0.45 m/s, the recognition rate is 100%, the recognition accuracy is not less than 96%, the snatch rate of feed is not more than 4%, the system response time is not greater than 2 s, and the feeding time for one hundred dairy cows is not more than 0.4 h. With outside milking parlor feeding and cow neck cangue spacing of 1.4 m, and equipment travel speed of 0.7m/s, the recognition rate is 100%, the recognition accuracy is not less than 99%, the snatch rate of feed is 0, the system response time is not greater than 2s, and the feeding time for one hundred dairy cows is not more than 0.35 h. The feeding quantity of coarse fodder and concentrate food was changeless before and after the test, because the traditional feeding method of high-yielding dairy cow is completed by hand, which is randomness, so it can't accomplish precise feeding, and cannot stimulate the production potential of a high-yielding dairy cow, but the feeding pattern of "TMR + concentrate precise feeding" can do it: Using a "TMR + concentrate precise feeding" feeding pattern, the average milk production of a dairy cow is increased by 0.8 kg/d, day yield. Fluctuation was less than the "TMR + concentrate precise feeding by hand" feeding pattern in 2011, which meant that the cows had good adaptability on the feeding pattern of "TMR + concentrate precise feeding." The results can provide a reference for the further research of cows' feeding and feeding pattern, and construction and reform of dairy farms.