挖拔式木薯收获机的研制与样机试验

摘要：针对木薯块根在土壤中分布的复杂性，为了将木薯块根顺利地从各种松硬程度不同的土壤收获出来，模拟人工收获木薯的机理，借鉴马铃薯、大蒜、红薯等根茎类作物收获机械的基本原理和结构，以木薯生物和物理特性为依据，该文研制出一种可一次性完成薯块的挖掘、分离、输送等工作的挖拔式木薯收获机。该文主要介绍了挖掘铲、夹持输送机构及动力传输机构及关键参数的确定。该栅条式挖掘铲的关键参数为铲平面倾角为20°，铲长为550 mm，铲宽为1 000 mm。计算出整机总传动比为2.29，变速箱传动比为2，输出速度为500 r/min，链传动的传动比为1.15，输出速度为435 r/min。该机与中型拖拉机配套使用，通过样机的试制和田间试验结果表明：挖拔式木薯收获机整机运行平稳，总体达到挖拔结合收获木薯的要求。

Development and prototype trial of digging-pulling style cassava harvester

Aim at the complexity of cassava tuber distributing in the soil, in order to harvest cassava tuber from different soils with a variety of hard levels, referencing the basic principles and structure of potatoes, garlic, sweet potatoes and other root crops harvesting machinery, a kind of digging-pulling style cassava harvester was developed based on cassava's biological and physical characteristics, which can complete tuber's digging, transportation, separation and other work simultaneously. The digging shovel, clamping conveyor and power transmission mechanism were designed and the key parameters were determined. The key parameters of the grizzly bar-type shovel is shovel's plane angle of on more 20°, the shovel's length of is 550 mm and shovel's width is 1000 mm. The total transmission ratio is 2.29, gearbox's transmission ratio is 2. The gearbox output shaft speed is 500 r/min. The chain transmission ratio is 1.15, and output speed is 435 r/min. The digging-pulling cassava harvester should be used with medium-sized tractor. Through the trial of the prototype and field test, the results showed that digging-pulling cassava harvester runs smoothly, and reaches the combination of digging and pulling to harvest cassava.