东北粮食主产区耕地资源时空变化及其对粮食生产能力的影响

为了揭示耕地资源时空变化对粮食生产能力的影响,该文以东北粮食主产区巴彦县为研究区,以1991年土地详查数据库、2006年土地利用变更数据库和2009年SPOT5影像为基本信息源,以粮食单产等统计数据为基本数据源,运用遥感及地理信息手段,采用土地综合指数评价法分析研究区耕地资源数量、质量时空变化及其对粮食生产能力的影响,结果表明:1991-2009年研究区耕地资源数量呈持续增加的趋势,耕地向非耕地的转换主要发生在林地和其他用地之间;1991-2006年研究区增加耕地资源中三等地耕地面积增加最多,一等地增加最少。减少的耕地资源中二等地和三等地耕地减少最多,而一等地减少最少;2006-2009年增加耕地中二等地耕地增加最多,一等地耕地增加最少;减少的耕地资源中,三等地耕地减少最多,一等地耕地减少最少;位于北部岗平原农牧区的二等地耕地是影响粮食生产能力最大的区域,三等地和四等地耕地面积虽占到总耕地面积的50%左右,但受到自然因素和土壤因素的制约,粮食生产能力也受到影响。

Spatial-temporal variation of cultivated land and its effects on grain production capacity of northeast grain main production area

To reveal the effect of spatial-temporal variation of cultivated land on grain production capacity, taking northeast grain main production area Bayan county as study area, land detailed survey database in 1991, land use changes database in 2006 and SPOT5 image in 2009 as the basic information source, and the grain yield per hectare and other statistics as the basic data source were used to analyze in the study. Based on RS and GIS technologies, land comprehensive index evaluation method was used to analyze temporal and spatial variation of the quantity and quality of cultivated land in study area, and its effect on grain production capacity was also studied. The results showed that the quantity of cultivated land in study area increased from 1991 to 2009. The conversion from cultivated land to non-cultivated land mainly occurred in forest land and other land. In 1991-2006, the third grade of cultivated land area were the most increased, the first grade was least increased; For the reduction of cultivated land area, the second grade and the third grade were most reduced, the first grade was least reduced. In 2006-2009, the second grade of cultivated land area were the most for increase, the first grade was least increased; For the reduction of cultivated land area, the third grade was most reduced, the first grade was least reduced. The second grade cultivated land which is located in the northern hills plain agricultural area had the largest effect on grain production capacity, and although the third and fourth grade cultivated land were 50% of the total cultivated land area, grain production capacity was restricted by the natural and soil factors.