畜禽舍移动式智能监测平台研制

畜禽养殖场内温度、湿度及各种气体构成畜禽生长的外围环境,直接影响畜禽日常行为和生长速度及免疫状态。对这些畜禽养殖场内进行检测并监控畜禽健康状态及寻找二者间的联系,对优化养殖环境,发展健康养殖具有重要意义。该研究以STM32单片机为控制核心,在固定点传感器外设置移动式智能监测平台,通过无线定位系统UWB(Ultra Wide Band)和集成传感器对畜禽养殖场内环境进行监测,利用带图传功能摄像头和红外测温装置实时监控畜禽状态。传感器获取信息后将数据以UART、IIC或模拟量输出方式传递给STM32,STM32处理数据后通过物联网WIFI模块上传至阿里云IoT(The Internet of Things)物联网平台,用户登录网页页面即可对数据进行远程访问,并对畜禽状态进行实时监控。实测结果表明,智能检测平台检测数据与猪场内布置的传感器检测结果相近,二者偏差小于10%,在无遮挡情况下布置无线定位系统,定位误差接近10cm级。系统检测数据可信,数据传输正常,可持续长时间稳定运行。机动平台还开发了搬运功能,单次运送能力为200 kg左右。移动式智能监测平台为畜禽养殖场内实现全范围环境监控提供了设备基础。

Development of mobile intelligent monitoring platform for livestock and poultry house

Environmental factors including temperature, humidity, and gas atmosphere directly determine the daily performance, growth rate, and immune status of livestock and poultry in a farm. It is highly urgent to detect the factors for real-time monitoring the health state of livestock and poultry, particularly the relationship between environmental factors and health state. Therefore, a healthy aquaculture pattern can be developed to optimize the breeding environment. In this study, a mobile intelligent monitoring platform was established to detect the key environmental factors within the whole area. An integrated sensor system was installed in the fixed important points. A four-wheel trolley with sprocket wheels was used to drive the platform. The motor and transmission components were installed inside the car body in the need of waterproof and anti-corrosion. The upper side of the car was sealed with a cover plate, and only the integrated sensor system installed on a foldable telescopic mechanism that needs to be exposed was fixed on the plate. Height adjusting of an integrated sensor system was performed via changing the folding angle and telescopic length of a foldable telescopic mechanism. The sensors were assembled separately and disassembled conveniently, in order to facilitate repair and maintenance, and even the integrated sensor system was replaced as a whole. AnSTM32 microcontroller was used as the master control unit in the system. A PCB-integrated sensor system was selected to detect the temperature, humidity, CO2, H2S, NH3, and dust concentration in the environment. Three standard conditions were set for the detection. Specifically, when the livestock or poultry felt uncomfortable, their behavior appeared too quiet or too irritable. When the livestock or poultry was sick, their body temperature was abnormal. When an infection occurred, the surface of the skin was ulcerated. A camera with a high-speed image transmission and a remote infrared temperature measurement device was used to monitor the livestock and poultry, where the abnormal state of their body temperature was observed in time, and the infection was found at an early stage. Two monitor sensors were installed on an electromechanical actuator, which was fixed on an electromechanical indexing plate in the front of the mobile platform. The actuator was used to adjust the pitch angle, whereas, the indexing plate was used to change the horizontal angle. An Ultra-Wide Band(UWB) wireless system was also selected to accurately locate the position of the mobile platform. All the data was sent to the STM32 microcontroller in UART, IIC, or analog output mode. The STM32 microcontroller processed the data with the Savitzky-Golay filtering, and then uploaded the data to the Ali Cloud IoT platform through a WIFI module. The users can login to the web page to remotely access the data, and thereby monitor the status of livestock and poultry in real time. The experimental results show that the detection data of a mobile intelligent detection platform was similar to that of the sensors in the former pig farm, where the relative difference between them was less than 10%. The positioning error was close to the 10 cm level, when the base stations were located at the optimal position. The monitoring data were reliable, and the mobile intelligent monitoring platform ran stably for a long time. The mobile platform can also serve as a carrier to transport about 200 kg of heavy objects. For instance, materials and livestock can be transported by the platform, when installing an upper cover plate with a winch and inclined plane on the surface. The proposed mobile intelligent monitoring platform can provide a hardware foundation for whole-scale environmental monitoring of livestock and poultry farms.