论乡村振兴战略背景下农业工程科技创新

为适应乡村振兴战略的任务需求,推进农业工程科技创新,该文阐述了乡村振兴战略的基本内涵,总结了近年来农业工程科技创新对农业农村经济发展的促进作用,主要表现在农业机械化工程提高生产效率;农业水土工程实现旱涝保收和生态环境改善;土地利用工程增加和优化耕地资源提高生产能力;农产品加工与贮藏工程促进一二三产业融合发展;农村能源工程促进绿色发展;农业资源循环利用工程促进农业可持续发展;农业建筑与生物环境工程提高劳动生产率和资源利用率;农业农村信息化工程促进精准农业和智慧农业发展;农业农村规划设计科学谋划"三农"发展。该文重点从乡村振兴中的产业振兴、生态振兴和人才振兴三个方面,分析了农业工程科技创新面临的新课题,提出了新时期农业工程科技创新以及人才培养的主要任务,包括树立系统思维,强化统筹和集成作用,综合集成农业工程理论、方法、技术和装备,提供整体、全面、有效的解决方案;聚焦提质增效,促进农业转型升级,推出一批关键工程技术和装备;强化循环发展理念,促进生产生活生态相融合,优化农业农村空间结构和产业布局,提供种养循环化、投入品减量化、生产清洁化、废弃物资源化、模式生态化的产业发展和工程解决方案;提高信息化应用和创新水平,促进数字农业和农村信息化发展,创制一批智能感知、智能作业、智能服务的产品;突出城乡融合、一二三产业融合、功能融合、产村融合、农业与互联网融合、要素融合和协作融合,做好乡村振兴规划;加强学科建设,开设急需专业,培养一批农业农村现代化急需的农业工程技术人才,为乡村振兴战略实施提供有力支撑和高效服务。

Science and technology innovation in agricultural engineering under background of rural revitalization strategy

In order to adapt to the task demand of the rural revitalization strategy and promote the science and technology innovation of agricultural engineering, we explicate basic connotation of rural revitalization strategy and summarize the important roles of science and technology innovation of agricultural engineering in promoting the agricultural and rural economy development in recent years. The main roles include: 1) Agricultural mechanization projects improve production efficiency; 2) Agricultural water-soil engineering ensures stable yields despite of drought and waterlogging conditions and improves ecological environment; 3) Land use project increases and optimizes cultivated land resource and raise productivity; 4) Agricultural products storage and processing engineerings promote the integrated development of primary, secondary and tertiary industries; 5) Rural energy projects promote green development; 6) Agricultural resource recycling project promotes sustainable development of agriculture; 7) Agricultural construction and biological environmental engineering improves labor productivity and resource utilization; 8) Agricultural and rural informatization project promotes the development of precision agriculture and smart agriculture; and 9) Agricultural and rural planning and design makes scientific plans for the development of agriculture, rural areas and farmers. We mainly analyze the new subject of agricultural engineering science and technology innovation from the three aspects of industry revitalization, ecological revitalization and talent revitalization, and put forward the main task of agricultural engineering science and technology innovation and talent cultivation in the new period. The main tasks are: 1) building up systematic thinking, strengthening the role of overall planning and integration, integrating agricultural engineering theories, methods, technologies and equipments, and providing overall, comprehensive and effective solutions; 2) focusing on improving quality and efficiency, promoting agricultural transformation and upgrading, and launching a number of key engineering technologies and equipment; 3) strengthening the concept of circular development, promoting the integration of production, living and ecology, optimizing the spatial structure of agriculture and rural areas and industrial layout, and providing industrial development and engineering solutions for planting and breeding cycles, reduction of inputs, clean production, recycling of wastes, and ecological patterns; 4) improving the application and innovation levels of informatization, promoting the development of digital agriculture and rural informatization, establishing a batch of products with intelligent perception, intelligent control and intelligent service; 5) highlighting the urban-rural integration, integration of primary, secondary and tertiary industries, functions integration, industries and rural areas integration, agriculture and internet integration, elements integration and collaboration integration, and working out good plans for implementing rural revitalization strategy; and 6) strengthening the academic discipline construction and reform, establishing majors in urgent need and cultivating agricultural engineering and technical personnel who are urgently needed for the modernization of agriculture and rural areas, so as to provide strong support and efficient services for the implementation of the strategy for rural revitalization.