基于"三生"空间优化的城乡交错区土地整治功能单元划定

为提升城乡交错区土地整治精细化管理水平,统筹发挥空间生产、生活、生态功能,开展土地整治功能单元划定研究。该文明确了土地整治功能单元内涵,以北京市海淀区为例,根据"明确功能区—确定评价单元—评价单元功能—确定功能单元"的划定思路,综合运用图层叠置法、区位商法、特尔斐法、多指标综合评价法和距离法,确定了5类整治功能,共计54个土地整治功能单元:1个农业生产提质增效类、3个产业园区节地类、28个乡村人居环境提升类单元集中分布在北部,17个城镇更新类单元集中分布在南部,5个山水林田湖综合整治类单元分散在中部和北部。通过单元划定指导整治工程有序推进,土地综合整治的空间优化功能可得到充分发挥:空间结构有效优化,农业生产空间将增加975 hm~2,3 061 hm~2乡村生活空间和308 hm~2城镇生活空间将得到改善,617 hm~2的集体产业园区将完成改造升级;空间发展质量得以保障,农田提高1.4个等级,农业规模化和产业化水平约提高3.7%,单位国内生产总值建设用地面积将年均降低8%。结果充分体现了海淀区"三生"空间优化的差异化需求,可为基于功能导向的土地综合整治差异化设计提供方法借鉴。

Land consolidation function unit demarcation based on optimization of production, living and ecology space in peri-urban areas

Abstract: The most essential issue for the sustainable development of the peri-urban areas is how to optimize land use efficiency and coordinate spatial function of production, life and ecology. Land consolidation is one of the key solutions to address this issue. However, the study on the land consolidation is mainly limited to rural areas and focuses on farmland production, without considering the overall development and utilization of space. In order to fill the gaps, this study proposed a method to determine functional units for land consolidation (FULC) in peri-urban taking the overall development and utilization of space into consideration. The determination of FULC contained 4 steps. First, functional areas of land consolidation were decided by using the Delphi method and the figure layering method according to the regional development strategies. Second, the functional areas were divided into several evaluation units on the basis of internal homogeneity, implementation independence, evaluation operability and other principles. Third, the functional status of evaluation units was measured by regional commercial law and multi-index comprehensive evaluation method from 3 aspects, i.e. the spatial structure status, the spatial structure target and the space quality target, for 5 purposes, i.e. improving urban production, rural production, urban life, rural life, and ecology. Forth, cluster analysis of the consolidation function was performed to demarcate FULC by distance method and Delphi method. The dominant functions could be classified into 5 categories, i.e. fertile farmland consolidation, industrial land saving and intensive consolidation, rural residential environment consolidation, urban renewal consolidation and ecological comprehensive consolidation. Haidian District, Beijing, a typical peri-urban area, was used as a case to demonstrate this framework. Three functional areas for land consolidation were formed in Haidian District integrating multiple planning objectives, namely, the production-oriented ecological technical zone in the north, the ecology-oriented historical and cultural scenic spots in the middle, and the life-oriented Zhongguancun Science City in the south. In the areas, 93 evaluation units were chosen to evaluate in Step 2-4. Finally, 54 FULCs were determined, including a fertile farming consolidation unit, 28 rural residential environment consolidation units, 5 industrial land saving and intensive consolidation units, 17 urban renewal consolidation units and 3 ecological comprehensive consolidation units. As a result, the spatial optimization function of comprehensive land consolidation could be fully played through the demarcation of FULC. Therefore, spatial structure was optimized effectively, for instance, agricultural production space would be increased by 975 hm2, and 3 061 hm2 rural life space and 308 hm2 urban living space would be improved, in addition 617 hm2 collective industrial park would be upgraded. Furthermore, the quality of space development was guaranteed, for example, the quality level of farmland would be increased by 1.4 grades, the level of agricultural scale and industrialization would be increased by 3.7%, and the construction land area for unit GDP (gross domestic product) would be reduced by 8% annually. In conclusion, the analysis shows that the method can provide technical support and practical references for planners and executors to the differentiation design of land comprehensive consolidation based on functional orientation in peri-urban areas.