基于关系与结构嵌入的农户农业废弃物绿色处置行为分析

如何在推进农业经济快速发展的同时又兼顾环境保护,构筑人与自然"生命共同体",已是中国推进乡村振兴战略不可回避的重要问题。区别于既有研究,运用倾向得分匹配方法(propensity score matching)克服样本选择性偏差引起的内生性,探讨了社会学"强嵌入"因素中的关系嵌入和结构嵌入对农户农业用资材废弃物绿色处置行为的影响。结果发现,结构嵌入对农户农业用资材废弃物绿色处置行为具有显著的正向促进作用,关系嵌入的作用并不明显;而家庭劳动力数量、兼业、家庭耕地面积以及农业收入比例等"零嵌入"因素是影响关系嵌入与结构嵌入的关键。基于此,该文认为,应通过建立农民利益诉求表达渠道与责任监督机制,鼓励农户加强与种养殖大户交流与沟通,营造良好的社会环保氛围等方式改善农户农业用资材废弃物绿色处置行为,以推进农业产业绿色转型。

Analysis on agricultural wastes green disposal behavior of farmers based on relational and structural embeddedness

How to promote the rapid development of the agricultural economy while taking into account environmental protection and building a "community of life" between humans and nature has become an important issue that we can''t avoid in promoting China''s rural vitalization strategy. Different from existing studies, in this paper, we used the propensity score matching (PSM) estimation technique to overcome the endogenous nature of sample selective bias, and the "strong embeddedness" factor in sociology. As such, the impact of relational embeddedness and structural embeddedness on the green disposal behavior of farmers'' agricultural materials wastes were explored. The result showed that peasant household concurrent business behavior and per capita income of farmers'' household all played a significant positive role on affecting relational embeddedness. That was, the relationship strength and the quality of the relationship were more positively affected by the peasant household concurrent business behavior and the per capita income of the family. At the same time, the number of family labor, peasant household concurrent business behavior, the existing cultivated land area of the family, and the proportion of agricultural income would significantly affect the structural embeddedness. Then the K-nearest neighbor matching method was used to explore the difference between the green disposal behavior of the agricultural materials waste of the control group and the treated group. According to the propensity scores of the control group and the treated group, it was clear that the probability of occurrence of green disposal of agricultural materials waste in the farmers'' households in the control group was 4.10% before the matching; after matching, the proportion increased to 6.60%. On the whole, the relational embeddedness would increase the probability of the farmers'' agricultural materials waste green disposal behavior by 4.70%. Therefore, based on the survey data of this paper, we did not find that the relational embeddedness had a significant impact on the green disposal behavior of agricultural household materials waste. Similarly, K-nearest neighbor matching method was also used to explore the relationship between structural embeddedness and the green disposal behavior of agricultural household materials waste. After matching, the occurrence probability of the green disposal behavior of agricultural household materials waste increased by 10.10%. At the same time, the t-statistic of average effect of treatment on the treated (ATT) was greater than 1.96 (P<0.05). This showed that there was a significant difference in the green disposal behavior of agricultural materials wastes between farmers who were in the state of structural embeddedness and those who were not in the state of structural embeddedness. In addition, in order to ensure the robustness of the research results, the "self-help method" (Bootstrap) was used in the matching process to infer the overall standard error. According to the results, average effect of treatment on the treated (ATT), average effect of treatment on the untreated (ATU) and average effect of treatment on the population (ATE) were basically consistent with the above results, whether in the state of relational embeddedness or structural embeddedness. And the results of other matching methods, including K-nearest neighbor matching method, radius matching method, kernel matching method and Mahalanobis matching method, were highly consistent with the above results, which also can identify the strong robustness of the research results. Based on this, we suggested that through the establishment of peasants'' interests appeal channel and accountability supervision mechanism, farmers should be encouraged to strengthen exchanges and communication with professional farmers, and create a good social atmosphere of environmental protection to improve the green disposal behavior of farmers'' agricultural materials waste, and promote the green transformation of the agricultural industry.