槽轮结构参数对直槽轮式排肥器排肥性能的影响

外槽轮排肥器是实施精准变量施肥过程中的关键控制载体,为了探寻外槽轮的凹槽截面形状和参数设置对排肥器排肥性能的影响规律,该文运用离散元仿真技术、3D快速成型技术以及正交试验,以直槽轮式排肥器作为研究对象,分析了槽轮半径、凹槽数目、有效工作长度以及凹槽截面形状4个因素对排肥性能的影响。选用排肥均匀度变异系数作为评价指标,设置排肥器的前进速度0.5 m/s,工作高度500 mm,槽轮转速20 r/min,对4个影响因素进行交互判断试验,试验结果表明,槽轮半径与凹槽数目之间存在一定的交互作用。根据交互作用判别结果选用L18(37)标准正交表进行仿真试验,试验结果表明,影响排肥性能的主次因素依次为凹槽数目槽轮半径有效工作长度槽轮半径×凹槽数目凹槽截面形状,其中凹槽数目对排肥性能具有非常显著影响,槽轮半径对排肥性能具有显著影响,最佳结构参数组合是槽轮半径30 mm,凹槽数目7个,有效工作长度20 mm和凹槽截面形状为圆弧形,此水平组合下的排肥均匀度变异系数为1.75%,为了检验结构参数对直槽轮排肥性能影响的仿真试验结果,进行最优结构与参数组合下的直槽轮排肥器台架试验,试验结果显示,排肥均匀度变异系数为5.48%,仿真试验结果和实测结果基本吻合,说明应用离散元仿真技术开展排肥性能的影响因素分析研究是可行的。该研究结果可为直槽轮排肥器的槽轮结构参数优化及提升其排肥性能提供参考。

Influences of structure parameters of straight flute wheel on fertilizing performance of fertilizer apparatus

Abstract: Application of chemical fertilizer is an important part in the process of crop production management. The research showed that precise application of chemical fertilizer had great significance to improving the utilization rate of fertilizer and reducing the amount of fertilizer application. The outer fluted roller fertilizer apparatus is the key carrier in the process of precise variable rate fertilization. In order to optimize the fertilizer performance of the existing outer fluted roller fertilizer apparatus comprehensively, the discrete element simulation technology, orthogonal test and 3D rapid prototyping technology were used in this paper. The straight flute wheel structural was taken as research object, and influence regularity of 4 key structural parameters such as groove wheel radius, groove numbers, effective working length and groove section on fertilizer performance was analyzed. A discrete element simulation platform was set up in this paper for outer fluted roller fertilizer apparatus, which mainly consists of fertilization bin, fertilization box, the outer groove roller, fertilization tongue, fertilization pipe, soil ground and fertilizer particles. In the simulation test, the advancing speed of outer fluted roller fertilizer apparatus was 0.5 m/s, the working height was 500 mm, and the rotation speed of outer fluted roller was 20 r/min. The coefficient of variation of the fertilizer was selected as the performance evaluation index of outer fluted roller fertilizer apparatus. The test results of the interaction of 3 factors showed that there was no interaction between groove wheel radius and groove numbers, and between effective working length and groove numbers, there was a certain interaction between groove wheel radius and number of the grooves. The L18 (37) standard orthogonal table was selected according to the result of interaction. The orthogonal result showed that factors affecting fertilizer performance, from importance to secondary, mainly include groove numbers, groove wheel radius, effective working length, interaction between groove wheel radius and groove numbers, and groove section. The groove numbers had very significant influence on fertilizer performance. The groove wheel radius had significant influence on fertilizer performance. The effective working length, interaction between groove wheel radius and groove numbers, and groove section had no significant influence on fertilizer performance. The optimum combination of parameters is that the groove numbers is 7, the radius of grooves is 30 mm, the effective working length is 20 mm, and the groove section is circular-arc, and the coefficient of variation of the uniformity of fertilizer for this type of outer fluted roller fertilizer apparatus is 1.75%. In order to test the simulation structure parameters optimization results of outer fluted roller fertilizer apparatus, a bench test was carried out under the optimal combination of structural parameters. The bench test mainly consisted of fluted roller fertilizer apparatus, power motor of conveyor belt, power motor of external groove, control box, conveyor belt and ruler. The experimental results showed that the coefficient of variation of fluted roller fertilizer apparatus is 5.48%. Considering that there may be some errors in the bench test, the results of the bench test were basically consistent with the simulation results, which proved that the discrete element method is feasible to optimize the structural parameters of fluted roller fertilizer apparatus. This research results can provide references for optimizing the structural parameters of fluted roller fertilizer apparatus and improving the performance of the fertilizer.