低场核磁共振分析聚乙二醇对萌发期水稻种子水分吸收的影响

为研究聚乙二醇(PEG,polyethylene glycol)处理下水稻种子萌发过程中内部水分分布和变化规律,进而揭示水稻耐旱性在水分吸收规律上的重要特征。应用低场核磁共振的T2弛豫谱和质子密度加权成像分析了PEG处理下水稻种子萌发过程中的水分变化,研究了利用蒸馏水(对照)和质量分数分别为10%、20%PEG6000处理对两个水稻品种旱9710、辽星1发芽指标的影响,以及对两个水稻品种萌发0、6、22、48、72 h吸水量的影响,确定单位质量核磁信号幅值与水稻种子湿基含水率的回归函数关系。发芽指标检测结果显示:旱9710耐旱性高于辽星1。质子密度加权成像结果显示:在水分吸收初期,水分子直接通过种子表面裂缝进入种子体内,胚乳中的淀粉粒等物质开始吸水膨胀,种子体积增大。24 h后,种子内营养物质向种胚流动。PEG处理下,水稻种子吸水量明显减少,发芽速度明显降低,且PEG质量分数越高,发芽速度越慢。基于核磁共振理论及T2弛豫谱的多组分特征,当反演频率为10 000时,水稻种子萌发过程中的水分分为束缚水与自由水两部分。T2弛豫谱结果表明:在蒸馏水和质量分数分别为10%、20%PEG处理下,种子湿基含水率和核磁信号幅值均逐渐增长。PEG处理下,核磁信号幅值增长相比对照处理显著降低(P0.05)。PEG处理抑制了两个水稻品种种子对水分的吸收,PEG质量分数越高,抑制作用越强。PEG处理24 h后,耐旱性强的水稻品种吸水率相比对照处理的降低幅度小于耐旱性弱的品种。回归分析表明,3种处理下,核磁信号幅值和湿基含水率具有一致的线性关系(R2=0.983),由回归方程可以求得水稻种子萌发过程中各状态水分的含量。试验为研究水稻种子萌发过程对干旱胁迫的反应机制,开发种子水分微观活体无损检测技术等方面的研究提供理论支持和数据参考。

Analysis on water absorption of rice seeds during germination process under polyethylene glycol solution using low-field nuclear magnetic resonance

Water absorption is one of the major factors limiting rice seeds germination rate. It is very important to study the drought-tolerance mechanism of rice under drought stress, in order to improve the drought-tolerance capacity of rice and thereby increase the yield. In this paper, 2 varieties of rice seeds were placed in 10%, 20% PEG (polyethylene glycol) 6000 solution and control solution respectively, and moisture variation was analyzed with T2 relaxation spectrum and proton density weighted image of low field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) 0, 6, 22, 48, and 72 h later after seed germination. The influence of PEG solution on water absorption was studied, and the regression equation was deduced between relative moisture content and total signal amplitude of nuclear magnetic signal in this paper. The proton density weighted images obtained by the magnetic resonance imaging system can show the absorption and flow patterns of water during the germination of rice seeds directly. The germination test results showed that the drought resistance of H9710 is higher than that of LX1. The proton density weighted image results showed that water molecules enter the seed directly through cracks on the seed surface, and embryo absorbs water molecules and expands downwards firstly. After 24 h, the nutrient in the seeds flows to the seeds embryo to provide adequate nutrition for the growth of the radicle and germ. The seeds absorbed less water and the germination process was inhibited obviously under PEG stress, and the higher the PEG mass fraction, the less the water absorption and the slower the germination process. This is consistent with the results of T2 relaxation spectrum detection. Based on the theory of NMR and multicomponent characteristics of T2 relaxation spectrum, when inversion frequency was 10000 times, the water in rice seeds during germination was categorized into 2 phases, which were short relaxation time standing for bound water and long relaxation time standing for free water. The T2 relaxation spectrum results suggested that the amplitude of NMR signals of the bound water, that of the free water and the total amplitude all increased gradually. The drought tolerance of rice seeds is closely related to the relative water absorption rate after 24 h, and PEG solution inhibits the absorption of water; the higher the PEG mass fraction, the stronger the inhibition. The relative water absorption rate of rice varieties with stronger drought resistance was higher than that with weaker drought resistance. The change of NMR signals directly reflects the moisture distribution and water absorption of rice seeds during germination. In addition, the moisture content of the seeds and the total amplitude of NMR signals were positively correlated(R2=0.983). This indicated that the data obtained by NMR technique were consistent with those obtained by the conventional dry-weight weighing method. Therefore it is a proper method to detect the moisture content in seeds during germination with NMR technique. By this regression equation, the moisture content of each state of water during seed germination can be calculated. These empirical data offer a reference for the study of rice seeds'' response mechanism under drought stress during seed germination and the screening of germplasm resources, and also develop a new nondestructive detecting technology of moisture for plants under stress.