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不同斥水剂作用下土壤斥水度测定及其变化规律
引用本文:吴珺华,周晓宇,林辉,邓一超,艾建凌,戴 骏.不同斥水剂作用下土壤斥水度测定及其变化规律[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(17):109-115.
作者姓名:吴珺华  周晓宇  林辉  邓一超  艾建凌  戴 骏
作者单位:南昌航空大学土木建筑学院
基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目(51408291,41662021);江西省自然科学基金资助项目(S2018QNJJB0057)。
摘    要:为获得不同斥水剂作用下土壤斥水度的变化规律,分别采用十二烷基硫酸钠、硅烷偶联剂KH-550与二氯二甲基硅烷改性砂土和十八烷基伯胺改性黏土,获得了不同斥水程度的改性土壤,并采用滴水穿透时间法、酒精溶液入渗法和接触角测定法获得了改性后土壤的斥水度及其随时间变化规律。结果表明:1)二氯二甲基硅烷改性砂土表现为极度斥水等级,且斥水性长期稳定,可作为制备斥水砂土的优选;硅烷偶联剂改性砂土的斥水性初期不明显,随着时间增长明显增强,最终可达极度斥水等级;但此类改性砂土易结块,均匀性及分散性较差,不推荐作为制备斥水砂土的优选;十二烷基硫酸钠改性砂土的斥水性不明显,且改性方法复杂耗时,不宜用来制备斥水砂土。2)当十八胺含量分别为0.2%、0.3%和0.6%时,改性黏土分别可达中等、严重和极度斥水等级,斥水性长期稳定,可作为制备斥水黏土的优选。3)将十八胺含量为0.5%的改性黏土掺入天然砂土混合制得的改性混合土,亦有不同程度的斥水性。当改性黏土含量为1%~3%时,改性混合土尚无明显斥水性;当改性黏土含量为3%~10%时,改性混合土斥水等级为中度;当改性黏土含量为10%~50%时,改性混合土斥水等级可达到严重。该成果可为深入研究土壤斥水性及其工程应用提供参考。

关 键 词:土壤  接触角  土壤改性试验  斥水剂  斥水度
收稿时间:2018/3/18 0:00:00
修稿时间:2018/7/9 0:00:00

Hydrophobic degree measurement and its changes in soils modified by different hydrophobic agents
Wu Junhu,Zhou Xiaoyu,Lin Hui,Deng Yichao,Ai Jianling and Dai Jun.Hydrophobic degree measurement and its changes in soils modified by different hydrophobic agents[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2018,34(17):109-115.
Authors:Wu Junhu  Zhou Xiaoyu  Lin Hui  Deng Yichao  Ai Jianling and Dai Jun
Institution:College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China,College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China,College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China,College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China,College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China and College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
Abstract:In order to analyze the change rule of hydrophobic degree of soils with the addition of different hydrophobic agents, the sandy soils hydrophobized by sodium lauryl sulfate (SDS), silane coupling agent KH-550 (SCA KH-550) and dichlorodimethylsilane (DCDMS) were prepared respectively along with the clays hydrophobized by octadecylamine (OCT) for the soil test in this study. The hydrophobic degree of different hydrophobized soils and the relevant change laws were obtained by water drop penetration time (WDPT), the molarity of an ethanol droplet technique (MED) and the contact angle measurement method (CAM) respectively. The mixtures of sandy soils and DCDMS according to the proportion of 100 g: 3 mL were obtained, which showed an extreme hydrophobicity. The contact angle of these mixed soils was 78.33o, which reached to subcritical hydrophobicity and it can be kept stable for a long time. This modification method can be an optimal way for preparing the hydrophobized sandy soils. A mixed liquid of SCA KH-550, ethanol and deionized water with the volume ratio of 3:15:2 were obtained firstly. Then the mixtures of natural sandy soils and this mixed liquid with the proportion of 100 g: 25mL were obtained finally. The hydrophobicity of mixed soils was small initially, then was enhanced with the time increasing and reached to the highest finally. The contact angle of these mixed soils was 65.99o. However, these mixed soils were easy to clump and showed a poor uniformity and dispersibility. That meant this modification method was not recommended for preparing the hydrophobized soils. A mixed liquid of SDS and pure acetone with the proportion of 1 g: 10 mL were obtained firstly. Then the mixtures of sandy soils and the liquid with the proportion of 100 g: 50mL were obtained finally. These mixed soils showed little hydrophobicity all the time. The contact angle of mixed soils was 35.5o. Moreover, the process of modification was complicated and time-consuming. Thus, this modification method was not suitable for preparing the hydrophobized sandy soils. The mixtures of clays and OCT in different ratios were prepared with deionized water together firstly. Then the hydrophobized clays were obtained finally by drying, pulverizing and sifting in an order of particle sizes. The severity ratings of hydrophobized clays were moderate, severe and extreme with 0.2%, 0.3% and 0.6% OCT contents, respectively, and all of them can be kept stable in hydrophobicity all the time. Moreover, the severity ratings of hydrophobized clays can be still high with the increasing of OCT contents. That meant the hydrophobized clays do not need high OCT content and a best content of it was 0.5% content in our test. Besides, OCT had little effect on both environment and humans. It was seen that this modification method can be used as an optimal way for preparing the hydrophobized clays. The mixtures of modified clays with 0.5% OCT content and natural sandy soils in different ratios were prepared. No hydrophobicity was shown in the mixture with less than 3% hydrophobized clays content. However, its penetration time was longer than the natural sandy soils''. That meant the hydrophobized clays played a role in hydrophobicity. The severity ratings of mixtures were moderate with 3% - 10% hydrophobized clays content and severe with 10% - 50% hydrophobized clays content. The results can provide a reference for the further analysis on hydrophobized soil and its application in engineering.
Keywords:soils  contact angle  soil modification tests  hydrophobic agents  hydrophobic degree
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