基于生态服务功能提升的高标准农田建设的分区方法

耕地生态服务功能与生产功能同步提升是"新时代"高标准农田建设主要目标,而面向生态服务功能提升的高标准农田分区及调控设计是生态型农田建设有效实施的根本前提。论文以榆中县为例,首先运用生态系统服务功能与权衡交易综合评价模型(Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs,InVEST)对研究区生境质量、土壤保持、碳固持和食物供给四种生态系统服务功能进行评估,分析各类生态系统服务空间分异规律,明确各研究单元低值生态服务类型;其次,对影响区域生态系统服务功能的障碍因素进行识别,将其划分为可调控与不可调控2种类型;第三,通过构建高标准农田建设措施与生态系统服务功能间的关系框架,结合可调控的障碍因素,确定不同区域高标准农田建设主导方向,进而提出生态型高标准农田建设分区方法及调控措施。研究指出,生态型高标准农田建设分区可以有效促进"田、水、路、林"各项工程措施的生态效应发挥,是实现生态服务功能和生产功能同步提升、目标融合的有效模式,可以为生态文明建设的理论思考和实践创新提供重要依据。

Zoning method for well-facilitated farmland construction based on improvement of ecological services

Abstract: Improving the ecosystem service function and production function of cultivated land is the main objective of well-facilitated farmland construction, while well-facilitated farmland zoning and regulation design aimed to improve ecological service function is the fundamental premise for the effective implementation of ecological farmland construction. At present, the emphasis of well-facilitated farmland construction is to achieve the goal of good quality of cultivated land, centralized and continual cropland, infrastructure supporting, rational ecological landscape pattern and stable spatial distribution through engineering technology and other measures. On the basis of the existing goals, taking Yuzhong County, Gansu Province as a typical case, the paper tried to explore the theory and method of ecological farmland construction zoning in loess hilly region. Firstly, taking village as the basic research unit, based on InVEST model, the paper evaluated 4 different values of ecosystem services which are habitat quality, soil retention, carbon sequestration, and food supply. Then the paper analyzed the spatial differentiation of various types of ecosystem services, and found out the low-value ecosystem service types for each research unit. Secondly, the paper identified obstacle factors which affect regional ecosystem services, and divided them into controllable factors and un-controllable factors. Thirdly, through the relationship framework between well-facilitated farmland construction measures and ecosystem service functions, combined with the controllable obstacle factors, the construction directions of well-facilitated farmland in different regions are determined, as well as the measures of ecological well-facilitated farmland construction zoning and regulation. The main contribution of the paper is to discuss the relationship between well-facilitated farmland construction measures and ecosystem service functions, and to put forward a set of ideas and methods for delineating ecological well-facilitated farmland construction zoning based on ecosystem services evaluation. Results show that, Yuzhong County''s ecosystem services have obvious spatial difference. Among them, the habitat quality shows a decreasing trend from southwest to northwest area. The spatial difference of soil erosion is large, which is controlled by topography and vegetation cover and other factors. The high value area is mainly distributed in the loess hilly area and the northwest area, and the low value area is mainly located in the southern mountainous area and the central valley basin area. Similar to the habitat quality, the spatial distribution of carbon sequestration services also shows spatial characteristics of decreasing from south to north. Because of the better soil and water conditions in the central valley basin, the spatial distribution of food supply services shows that it is low in the north and south mountains, and high in the central basin. On the basis of the spatial difference of ecosystem services and the identification of controllable obstacle factors, 4 zoning types of ecological well-facilitated farmland construction in Yuzhong are obtained, which are habitat quality improvement zone, food supply and carbon sequestration service promotion zone, habitat quality and carbon sequestration service promotion zone, and habitat quality, food supply and carbon sequestration service promotion zone. Corresponding regulation and control measures are put forward for different types of ecological well-facilitated farmland construction zoning. The construction division can effectively promote the ecological function of "fields, water, roads and forests", which is the effective mode to achieve the simultaneous improvement of ecological service functions and production, and it also can provide important basis for theoretical thinking and practical innovation of ecological civilization construction.