河岸植被对坡面径流侵蚀产沙的阻控效果

河岸植被在流域水土保持与非点源污染控制方面具有重要作用。为探究河岸植被阻控坡面径流侵蚀产沙效果及其影响因素,该文通过野外模拟径流冲刷试验,定量分析了北江干流河岸植被阻控坡面径流和侵蚀产沙的特征,探讨了河岸植被对径流与泥沙相互关系的影响以及河岸植被阻控效果与坡度和放水强度的关系。结果表明,(1)植被的存在延迟了坡面初始产流时间、降低了坡面径流系数、减弱了径流侵蚀力,放水强度和坡度越大,坡面产流时间越早、径流系数越大、植被对径流的拦截效果越低,其中,植被对不同坡度上径流系数的平均阻控效果分别为3.35%、3.36%、4.28%和3.17%,对不同放水强度下径流系数的平均阻控效果分别21.69%、17.40%和10.01%,对坡面径流侵蚀力的阻控效果分别为60.00%、32.23%、27.29%和22.76%;(2)植被坡对坡面累积泥沙量的阻控效果分别为60.14%、32.83%、24.19%和20.86%,植被的存在可以有效提高土壤的抗侵蚀能力并减少侵蚀产沙量和降低侵蚀泥沙中值粒径,植被阻控泥沙的效果大于其阻控径流的效果;(3)相关性分析表明,产流时间与累积泥沙量、粒径均呈显著负相关,植被的存在一定程度上改变了退流时间与两者之间的关系;径流系数、径流侵蚀力与累积泥沙量、粒径均呈显著正相关;植被对累积泥沙量和径流侵蚀力的阻控效果与随坡度和放水强度的增加而降低。综上,河岸植被对坡面径流和泥沙具有不同的阻控效果,且受坡度和放水强度影响显著,研究结果可为流域水土保持与河岸植被建设提供支持。

Inhibiting effect of riparian vegetation on erosion and sediment yield of slope runoff

Riparian vegetation plays a vital role in maintaining multiple ecosystem functions and providing various ecosystem services for human society. Especially, riparian vegetation acts as a buffer for the stream by intercepting and retaining sediment, nutrients, and pollutants carried in surface runoff before they enter the stream. However, the buffering effects of riparian vegetation are sometimes limited by different factors, such as soil type, slope gradient, rainfall and scouring intensities, and vegetation coverage. Therefore, the upstream of the Beijiang River in Guangdong Province of southern China was selected as a case, and the characteristics of riparian vegetation in inhibiting runoff and sediment in erosion process of red soil slope were explored in this paper. Specifically, using the runoff scouring experiments in situ, the characteristics of riparian vegetation in inhibiting slope erosion along Beijiang River were explored, which aimed to further clarify the effects of riparian vegetation on relationship between overland flow and sediment yield as well as the response of inhibiting effect of vegetation to slope gradient and scouring intensity. The results show that the time of runoff initiation and duration of runoff recession on riparian slope along the Beijiang River exhibited obvious rule under the condition of runoff scouring, namely, the existence of vegetation can delay the time of runoff initiation under the same condition of slope gradient and scouring intensity, and the greater slope gradient and scouring intensity can result in the earlier runoff generation. Vegetation can reduce the runoff coefficient of riparian slope, while the trapping effects of riparian vegetation on runoff amount can be decreased in spite of the fact that the runoff coefficient increases with the increasing slope gradient and scouring intensity. The inhibiting effect of vegetation to slope runoff is more significant under lower slope gradient and scouring intensity. The inhibiting effect of vegetation to runoff coefficient at different slope gradients is 3.35%, 3.36%, 4.28%, and 3.17%, respectively, while under different scouring intensities it is 21.69%, 17.40%, and 10.01%, respectively. Riparian vegetation can reduce runoff erosivity in slope soil erosion process, and greater slope gradient and scouring intensity can result in lower inhibiting effect of vegetation to runoff erosivity. The inhibiting effect of vegetation to runoff erosivity at different slope gradients is 60.00%, 32.23%, 27.29%, and 22.76%, respectively. Riparian vegetation can effectively improve the resistance ability of soil and reduce the yield and median particle size of sediment. The effect of vegetation in inhibiting sediment, which is 60.14%, 32.83%, 24.19%, and 20.86% respectively, is larger than that in inhibiting runoff. Correlation analysis showed that the time of runoff initiation is significantly and negatively correlated with accumulation of sediment yield and sediment particle size, and vegetation can alter relationship between the duration of runoff recession and accumulation of sediment yield and sediment particle size. Runoff coefficient and runoff erosivity both are significantly and positively correlated with the accumulation of sediment yield and sediment particle size, and the effect of vegetation in inhibiting the accumulation of sediment yield and runoff erosivity reduces with the increasing slope gradient and scouring intensity. In conclusion, effect of riparian vegetation in inhibiting erosion sediment is larger than that in inhibiting slope runoff, and is significantly influenced by slope gradient and scouring intensity. Results from the present study can provide the basis for watershed soil and water conservation as well as the restoration and reestablishment of riparian vegetation.