梳刷振动式枸杞收获装置设计与运行参数优化

针对目前中国枸杞人工采收效率低、成本高的问题,该文采用梳刷振动相结合的采收方式,设计了梳刷振动式枸杞收获装置,并进行了试验。首先基于ADAMS软件建立了枸杞果实、枝条模型与梳刷振动机构模型。枸杞果实、果柄间连接力采用广义力连接,通过设置传感器来监测果柄断裂条件,实现了枸杞果实、果柄在外力作用下的分离过程控制。通过仿真分析,确定了收获装置的梳刷转速、圆盘转速(振动频率)和振动幅度3个因素为影响采收效果的主要因素。然后以梳刷转速、圆盘转速(振动频率)和振动幅度为因素,以采收效率、成熟枸杞采收率、青果脱落率以及成熟枸杞破损率为评价指标,进行了田间试验,试验结果表明:在梳刷转速80 r/min、圆盘转速100 r/min、振动幅度80 mm的因素水平组合下采收效率为13.12 kg/h,成熟枸杞采收率为87.46%,青果脱落率为13.81%,成熟枸杞破损率为2.82%,采收效果最佳,相比于其他单一原理的采收机构,本装置既达到了较高采收效率与成熟枸杞采收率,也保证了相对较低的青果脱落率与成熟枸杞破损率。该文可为枸杞机械化采收机械的设计提供理论依据与数据支撑。

Design and operating parameter optimization of comb brush vibratory harvesting device for wolfberry

Abstract: Wolfberry belongs to Solanaceae, Lycium. Studies have shown that the LBP has many effects, such as delaying aging, anti-tumor, anti-fatigue, controlling blood sugar, preventing glaucoma and so on. The main producing areas of wolfberry are Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Hebei, Qinghai, Hubei and Tibet. In recent years, wolfberry acreage increased by 11% annually. Wolfberry is infinite inflorescence, and the end of June to early October is the picking period of wolfberry. Wolfberry is in continuous flowering during the picking period, and the average picking cycle is 7 days. Wolfberry picking is still dependent on artificial, so low efficiency and high labor cost are the most prominent issues. The efficiency of artificial picking wolfberry is only 3 ~ 5 kg/h, while the cost is up to 34 500 yuan / hm2, accounting for more than 50% of production costs. With the growing area of wolfberry, the labor force will be in short supply, so the picking problem has become the bottleneck restricting the sustainable development of wolfberry industry. Wolfberry is less cultivated abroad, so there are few researches on large-scale cultivation and mechanized picking of wolfberry in foreign countries. The domestic research on wolfberry picking machinery began in the early 21st century and was carried out mainly in several major producing areas. At present, according to the different principles of picking, wolfberry picking machinery can be divided into 4 main types: shear, brush comb, vibration and air flow. However, the current various picking machinery has obvious defects. This study designs a vibrating wolfberry harvesting device with comb brush bases on combing vibration method and tests it. The device consists of harvesting unit and lifting mobile unit. Harvesting unit includes: comb brush vibration mechanism, DC motor, timing pulley, support frame, baffle. Among them, the comb brush vibration mechanism is the key component, which including left input shaft, right input shaft, harvesting rob, T reducer, disc, connecting rob, coupling, slider and sliding shell. The 4 rows of harvesting poles and the shell are fixed by bolts. The shell and the slide are also fixed by bolts. The slide block and the slider are matched with each other so as to make linear motion along the slider. The 2 ends of the connecting rod are respectively hinged with the shell and the disc. Harvesting unit is used to achieve the recovery of wolfberry fruit. Lifting mobile unit is a hydraulic lift trolley. The harvesting unit is fixed on the lifting mobile unit, and the whole harvesting device can move horizontally and vertically. Based on ADAMS software, the model of Lycium barbarum fruit and branch, the model of comb vibration are established by parameterized modeling. The connecting force between fruit and fruit stem is connected by generalized force. The sensor is used to monitor the fruit stem breakage condition, which realizes the process control of separation of fruit and stem of wolfberry. Through the simulation analysis, it is determined that the brushing speed, the disc speed (vibration frequency) and the vibration amplitude of the harvesting device have a significant effect on shedding of wolfberry fruit. The field experiment is carried out to evaluate the harvest efficiency, the harvest rate of mature wolfberry, the shedding rate of immature and the damage rate of mature wolfberry. Test results showed that the best combination was that the comb brush speed is 80 r/min, disc rotation speed is 100 r/min, vibration amplitude is 80 mm. Based on the combination of the factor level, the harvest efficiency is 13.12 kg/h, the harvest rate of mature wolfberry is 87.46%, the shedding rate of immature is 13.81%, the damage rate of mature wolfberry is 2.82%. Compared with other single-principle harvest mechanisms, the device not only achieves harvest efficiency and higher mature harvest rate, but also guarantees relatively low shedding rate of immature and damage rate of mature wolfberry. This studdy can provide theoretical basis and data support for the design of the mechanized harvesting machinery of wolfberry.