棉秆粉碎还田与残膜回收联合作业机研制与试验

针对新疆棉区秸秆粉碎还田与残膜回收机联合作业时出现的膜杆不分、残膜回收率低、脱膜效果差以及残膜易缠绕等问题，该文设计了棉秆粉碎还田与残膜回收联合作业机，主要由牵引装置、秸秆粉碎装置、秸秆输送装置、浮动式残膜回收装置、脱膜装置、传动系统、残膜回收箱、机架和地轮等组成，一次作业可实现棉秸秆粉碎还田、膜杆分离和残膜回收。该机将锤片式棉秸秆粉碎装置与刮板式输送装置相结合，用于秸秆粉碎还田和秸秆与待收残膜分离；采用浮动式起膜机构和齿耙式搂膜装置回收残膜，地面仿形效果好，有利于提高残膜回收率；用气力脱膜装置脱膜，提高脱膜可靠性，并防止残膜与收膜装置的缠绕而影响机具正常工作。通过对主要工作部件的设计，确定主要结构和工作参数，并分析了样机的工作过程。田间试验表明，在机具作业速度5～5.5 km/h、秸秆输送链轮转速125 r/min、输送装置倾角40°、残膜输送链轮转速70 r/min和风机转速1 620 r/min时,能达到膜杆分离率97%，残膜回收率88.6%，脱膜率89.4%，能够满足秸秆粉碎还田与残膜回收的技术要求，研究成果有利于解决棉田残膜污染问题。

Development and experiment of combined operation machine for cotton straw chopping and plastic film collecting

Abstract: According to the problems of plastic film without distinction as straw, the plastic film recovery rate is low, the effect is poor in removing the collected film, and plastic films are easy to wind in cotton straw chopping and a plastic film collecting combined machine in Xinjiang province, the 4JM-1500 straw chopping and plastic film collecting machine has been designed. It consists of a traction device, straw chopping device, straw conveying device, floating gear-rake institution and chain rake device, film removing device, driven system, plastic film box, and rack and wheel, etc. It can realize straw chopper returning, the straw separation with plastic film, and the plastic film recycling with one operation. This machine combining the hammer device of cotton straw chopping and scraper conveyor device, the machine could separate cotton straws and plastic film, and collect the plastic film by the floating gear-rake institution and chain rake device. It also has a good effect for ground profile modeling and improving the plastic film recovery ratio. It can remove the collected film though the air force device in the operating process, which can prevent the plastic film winding with the film stripping device and affect the work. The structure and working principle of the machine, and the parameters of working parts, and main structures were determined through the main components designed. Knife shaft speed n3=1800~2200 r/min, straw conveying speed n1=120~150 r/min, plastic film conveying chains speed n2=60~90 r/min, film removing wind speed v1=6.2~10.5 m/s and the working width was 1500 mm. It effectively decreased the labor cost and enhanced the plastic film collecting efficiency. Field trials demonstrated that the separation ratio of cotton straws and plastic film was 97%, the plastic film collecting ratio was 88.6%, and the film removing ratio was 89.4% under the conditions of machine operating speed of 5-5.5 km/h and straw conveying speed of 1.8m/s, which could meet the requirements of straw chopping and plastic film collecting. The research results could help to solve the problem of plastic film pollution in farmland.