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流域侵蚀强度空间分异及动态变化模拟研究
引用本文:崔灵周,李占斌,朱永清,郭彦彪,肖学年.流域侵蚀强度空间分异及动态变化模拟研究[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(12):17-22.
作者姓名:崔灵周  李占斌  朱永清  郭彦彪  肖学年
作者单位:1. 温州大学生命与环境科学学院,温州,325027;西安理工大学水利水电学院,西安,710048
2. 西安理工大学水利水电学院,西安,710048;黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,杨凌,712100
3. 西安理工大学水利水电学院,西安,710048;长江流域水土保持监测中心站,武汉,430010
4. 华南农业大学资源与环境学院,广州,510642
5. 国家测绘局测绘标准化研究所,西安,710054
基金项目:国家自然科学基金;中国博士后科学基金;温州大学校科研和教改项目
摘    要:流域侵蚀强度空间分异是小流域泥沙来源研究的重要内容之一。该文以小流域模型模拟试验为基础,利用人工模拟降雨、近景摄影测量和GIS技术,对流域模型不同空间部位的侵蚀强度及其随流域所处发育阶段的动态变化进行了研究。研究结果表明:依据次降雨相对侵蚀模数REM将历经25场模拟降雨的小流域模型发育过程划分为初期时段、活跃时段和稳定时段。沟谷侵蚀强度在整个流域模型发育过程中一直大于坡面;在流域发育初期时段至活跃时段前期,主沟侵蚀强度大于支沟,流域下部侵蚀强度大于中部和上部;在流域发育活跃时段后期,主沟侵蚀强度低于支沟,流域中部和下部侵蚀强度快速增长并达到峰值;在稳定期时段,主沟和支沟侵蚀强度变化趋于同步,流域上部的侵蚀强度高于中部和下部。流域侵蚀强度的时空分布特征对于小流域水土流失综合治理具有科学指导意义。

关 键 词:侵蚀强度  相对侵蚀模数  空间分异  动态变化
文章编号:1002-6819(2006)12-0017-06
收稿时间:2005-12-09
修稿时间:9/1/2006 12:00:00 AM

Simulation of the spatial differentiation and dynamic variation of watershed erosion intensity
Cui Lingzhou,Li Zhanbin,Zhu Yongqing,Guo Yanbiao and Xiao Xuenian.Simulation of the spatial differentiation and dynamic variation of watershed erosion intensity[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2006,22(12):17-22.
Authors:Cui Lingzhou  Li Zhanbin  Zhu Yongqing  Guo Yanbiao and Xiao Xuenian
Institution:College of Life and Environment Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325027, China;College of Water Resources and Hydroelectric Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China;College of Water Resources and Hydroelectric Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China;State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dry Farming On Loess Plateau, Yangling 712100, China;College of Water Resources and Hydroelectric Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China;Monitoring Center Station of Changjiang Valley Water and Soil Conservation, Wuhan 430010, China;College of Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;Institution of Surveying and Mapping Standardization, State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping, Xi'an 710054, China
Abstract:The spatial differentiation of erosion intensity is one of important part of the research on sediment source of small watershed. Based on simulation experiments of small watershed model, using artificial simulation rainfall, high precise photogrammetry and GIS technology, the erosion intensity of different parts of watershed model and dynamic variation of erosion intensity were studied. Results show that the development process of watershed model of twenty-five simulation rainfalls is divided into early phase, active phase and stable phase according to relative erosion modulus. Erosion intensity of valleys is much more than that of slopes during the whole development process of watershed model. During the early phase and previous period of active phase, the erosion intensity of chief gully is more than that of branch gullies; the erosion intensity of upside part of watershed model is more than that of middle and downside part of watershed model. During late active phase, the erosion intensity of chief gully is less than that of branch gullies; erosion intensities of middle and downside part of watershed model increase rapidly and reach peak value. During stable phase, the erosion intensity variation of chief gully and branch gullies tends to synchronization, the erosion intensity of upside part of watershed model is higher than that of middle and downside part. The spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of erosion intensity is significant for the comprehensive controlling of soil erosion of small watershed.
Keywords:erosion intensity  relative erosion modulus  spatial differentiation  dynamic variation
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