三种类型温室建造的生命周期评价

为了确定温室建造过程对环境的影响程度及最大影响因素,该文应用生命周期评价(LCA)方法对3种温室建造过程造成的环境影响进行了评价。结果表明:3种温室建造对环境影响较大的是矿石资源消耗、化石燃料消耗、全球变暖和光化学烟雾4个方面;产生影响的阶段主要集中在建材生产阶段,占整个环境影响的90%以上;3种温室的建造所产生的环境影响类型是不同的,总的来说,考虑到不同温室类型使用年限的不同,在单位面积单位时间内芬洛温室在化石燃料消耗、矿石资源消耗、全球变暖、酸化、光化学烟雾以及灰尘对环境造成的影响最小,砖墙钢架日光温室在淡水资源消耗、木材消耗、水体富营养化及固体废弃物对环境造成的影响最小,但考虑到不同影响类型的权重,总体上砖墙钢架日光温室对环境的影响则是3种温室类型中最大的。该研究结果可为评价温室生产的资源消耗和环境影响提供方法借鉴,为设施建设选材提供参考。

Life cycle assessment (LCA) on three types of greenhouses construction

To determine the extent and the maximum impact factors of the greenhouse construction on the environment, this paper assessed the environment impacts of three types greenhouses construction by using the LCA. The results showed: the greenhouse building mainly impacted the environment in the mineral depletion, fossil fuel depletion, global warming and photochemical smog. The building materials production phase was the major impact stage which account to 90%. The impact types were varied according to the greenhouses. In general, according to the service life of various greenhouse, the environment impacts of unit area per year of the Venlo-type greenhouse was minimum which were fossil fuel depletion, mineral depletion, global warming, acidification, photochemical smog and the dust. The fresh water depletion, wood depletion, eutrophication and the solid waste of brick-wall steel-frame solar greenhouse had the minimum effect on enviroment in the construction. But the environment impacts of the brick-wall steel-frame solar greenhouse construction was most severe considering the weighting of the impact types. Those results provide the methods to assess the resource depletion and environment impact and the consultation to select the building materials for greenhouse.