基于用地竞争的矿业废弃地再利用用地类型判定

合理确定矿业废弃地再利用用地类型,对满足矿业资源经济转型用地需求、优化矿区土地利用结构具有重要意义。该文以泽州县长河流域为研究区域,从适宜性和驱动力2个层面构建了矿业废弃地再利用用地竞争力评价指标体系,进而构建了基于该指标体系的矿业废弃地再利用用地竞争评价模型,并基于研究区行政界线图及矿业废弃地分布图,以矿业废弃地图斑为评价单元,量化评价指标,评价矿业废弃地再利用用地竞争力。采用三角模型,根据用地竞争力组合,对矿业废弃地再利用用地类型进行理论判定。研究结果表明:研究区中占总量50%的矿业废弃地可再利用为建设用地,主要分布在经济基础较好的乡镇周边及省道两侧;40%的矿业废弃地可再利用为农用地,主要分布于村庄周围;10%的矿业废弃地可再利用为生态用地,主要位于山区及水域附近。该研究结果可为优化矿区土地利用结构及矿业废弃地整治规划提供决策依据。

Reuse type judgment of mining wasteland based on land use competitiveness

Reutilization of a large area of mining wasteland is a realistic way to meet the demand of mining resource economic transformation and spatial structure optimization for mining wasteland reuse. Confirming reasonable reuse type of mining wasteland is the basis and precondition for mining wasteland consolidation. Changhe basin in Zezhou County, Shanxi Province is taken as a case study, which has 120 mining wastelands caused by coal mine integration in 2015 with the area of 345 hm². The data used in this paper are collected from the field survey on mining wasteland distribution(July, 2015), Zezhou land use planning(from 2005 to 2020), the peasant household survey in study area(July, 2015), the 13th five-year Zezhou industry planning, Zezhou ecological function area report(2007). Firstly, the method of identifying mining wasteland reuse type is presented in this paper based on the competitiveness evaluation for non-agricultural, agricultural and ecological mining waste land. The evaluation index system should be built first to determine the possible reuse types of mining wasteland, which includes 2 aspects, i.e. suitability and driving force, and 6 specific indices: natural factor, location, demographic factor, economic factor, policy and public participation. Then, the competitiveness evaluation model should be established to identify intensity, spatial distribution and expected land use change trend for each type of mining waste land. Lastly, the triangle model is used to assess the reuse types of mining wasteland based on 21 types of land use competitiveness combination. In this paper, the boundary map of administrative villages in study area and the distribution map of coal mining wasteland are superimposed, and the mining wasteland patch is taken as the specific evaluation unit. The weight of each index is determined by an analytic hierarchy process. Quantification of each index is to determine the land types of mining wasteland in the study area. The result shows that: 1) Based on the spatial distribution analysis, non-agricultural mining wastelands those have high competitiveness are adjacent to county or provincial road. Spatial distribution of agricultural mining wastelands those have high competitiveness was adverse to that of high competitiveness non-agricultural mining wastelands, and in accordance with that of ecological mining wastelands those have medium competitiveness. The spatial distribution can reflect the competition state between reuse land types; 2) As for the judgment results of land reuse types, there are a total of 120 mining waste lands mainly distributed in 34 villages in study area. Among them, 50% can be converted to construction land, the area of which is 191.53 hm². These mining wastelands are mainly located in these regions which have a long history of coal mining and whose economic level and population density are high. In addition, they lie at or are adjacent to the core of villages and towns or main roads; 40% can be converted to agricultural land, which have an area of 115.19 hm² and are located near the village or water; 10% can be converted to ecological land, which have an area of 38.28 hm² and are located in the mountainous areas where the economic level and population density are low. By investigation, mining waste lands in the study area are mostly reused as construction land. The research result can provide the theoretical support for the determination of the consolidation planning of coal mining wasteland in the study area.