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中国常用人工鱼礁流场效应的比较分析
引用本文:唐衍力,龙翔宇,王欣欣,姜昭阳,程晖,张同征.中国常用人工鱼礁流场效应的比较分析[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(8):97-103.
作者姓名:唐衍力  龙翔宇  王欣欣  姜昭阳  程晖  张同征
作者单位:1. 中国海洋大学水产学院,青岛,266003;2. 山东大学(威海)海洋学院,威海,264209
基金项目:海洋公益性专项(201305030);公益性行业(农业)科技专项(201203018)
摘    要:不同结构的人工鱼礁在海中会产生不同的流场效应,为了对比分析不同结构人工鱼礁的流场效应差异,该文利用CFX软件,对6类礁型18种中国常用人工鱼礁进行了数值模拟。引入了2种相对评价方法(比礁高和比混凝土体积)和3个评价指标(礁体中垂面上的上升流面积、背涡流面积和上升流高度)。首先分析了评价指标适用的相对评价方法,然后对18种鱼礁进行比较研究,最后从每类礁型分别选出一个礁体为代表研究它们在不同流速下(0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8和1.0 m/s)上升流和背涡流的差异。结果表明:研究上升流和背涡流面积时比混凝土体积法更科学,研究上升流高度时比礁高法更有效;无论上升流还是背涡流,三角型礁的相对面积都为最大,复合型礁次之,框架性礁最小;上升流高度、上升流面积和背涡流面积都不随来流速度变化;最大上升流流速与来流速度呈线性关系,其斜率在不同礁体间存在差异;该研究以期为不同海域不同要求下人工鱼礁的选择和设计提供了参考。

关 键 词:鱼礁  流场  数值模拟  人工  比礁高  比混凝土体积
收稿时间:2016/8/23 0:00:00
修稿时间:2017/4/20 0:00:00

Comparative analysis on flow field effect of general artificial reefs in China
Tang Yanli,Long Xiangyu,Wang Xinxin,Jiang Zhaoyang,Cheng Hui and Zhang Tongzheng.Comparative analysis on flow field effect of general artificial reefs in China[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2017,33(8):97-103.
Authors:Tang Yanli  Long Xiangyu  Wang Xinxin  Jiang Zhaoyang  Cheng Hui and Zhang Tongzheng
Institution:1. College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;,1. College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;,1. College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;,2. Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China;,1. College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; and 1. College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;
Abstract:Abstract: Artificial reef (AR) is widely used to improve marine ecological environment. Some fisheries developed countries, such as America, Japan, Korea, Australia, New Zealand and some EU (European Union) states, have acquired a lot of achievements on the exploitation and protection of fishery resources by use of ARs. Flow field effect, bait effect and avoidance effect will be caused when the ARs are placed on the sea floor. Flow field effect is deemed to the main affecting mechanism of ARs, and the upwelling and back vortex are important indices to measure the flow field effect of ARs. So far, the study on the flow field effect of ARs has been limited to one or several reefs in China. However, no one has yet scientifically investigated the flow field effect of the Chinese general ARs. This study focused on the 18 types of general ARs, which were divided into 6 kinds, to investigate different flow field effects among them. And several representative reefs were selected for further study, which was the study on the effects of various flow velocity on the characteristics of upwelling and back vortex. Based on theory of computational fluid dynamics, numerical models of turbulent flow were built. Three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations were solved by the finite volume method. The software CFX (computational fluid X) was used to study the performances of the flow field around reefs when flow passed through them. The 2 evaluation methods, the reef height ratio and the concrete volume ratio, were used to analyze the upwelling area, the back vortex area and the height of upwelling on the central plane. The reef height ratio is the ratio of the maximum upwelling height, upwelling area or back vortex area to reef height. And the concrete volume ratio is the ratio of the maximum upwelling height, upwelling area or back vortex area to concrete volume of reef. The paper was aimed to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the 2 methods, and to analyze the different flow field effects among 18 types of ARs. Besides, the better reefs would be selected for diverse requirements. The results suggested the concrete volume ratio was a better criterion when studying the upwelling area and the back vortex area, and the height ratio was more appropriate when studying the height of upwelling. Regardless of the upwelling or the back vortex, triangle reefs had the largest relative area and complex reefs were the second, while frame reefs were the least. Then one reef was selected from each type to conduct the research to find out whether there were the effects of different flow velocity (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 m/s) on upwelling area, back vortex area, the maximum upwelling velocity and maximum height of upwelling. The results demonstrated that the height of upwelling, the upwelling area, and the back vortex area fluctuated in an extremely narrow range under the 5 flow velocities. The maximum flow velocity of upwelling was linear with the flow velocity, and the slope showed the difference among different reefs. Moreover, reefs for different demands had been selected. AR11, AR10 and AR13 had a larger back vortex area with low cost. AR13, AR11 and AR18 should be chosen for the need of larger upwelling area. AR11 had not only the largest relative area of back vortex but also the largest relative influence area (sum of the upwelling area and the back vortex area). In addition, AR11 had the highest height of upwelling at the same reef height (followed by AR16 and AR02). The top 3 types of reefs with the maximum flow velocity were AR16, AR10 and AR13. The study provides the theoretical basis for the selection of AR, which can cater to various demands. Moreover, it also has certain reference value for the design of AR.
Keywords:reefs  flow fields  numerical simulation  artificial  the height ratio  the concrete volume ratio
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