玉米花生间作播种施肥一体机研制与试验

针对玉米花生间作播种经济效益高但缺少一体化作业机械装备的现实问题,采用农机农艺融合的研究方法,开发了1种1次作业可以实现旋耕筑垄、混土施肥、玉米花生间作播种和对行覆土镇压等功能的玉米花生间作播种施肥一体机,并对影响垄台筑建、沟床平整的旋耕装置和最小结构尺寸的平行四杆机构进行了设计;采用正交试验方法探究了旋耕刀轴转速、耕深和仿形机构拉杆长度对花生垄台高度和播深一致的影响规律,结果表明:在旋耕刀轴转速为260r/min,耕深15cm及仿形机构拉杆长度为24cm时,即可为玉米花生间作创造良好的播种环境,且花生播深合格率达91.1%,玉米播深合格率达90.1%,其他参数完全符合相关农艺标准,为该农艺技术的推广应用提供可供选择的机械化装备.

Design and test of corn-peanut intercropping seeding-fertilizing machine

In China, corn is one of the most important grain crop and fodder crop, in the meantime peanut is one of the most crucial cash crop. Both crops are widely planted in areas such as North China Plain. After a series of statistical analysis research, many agricultural experts and university scholars founded that the corn which is a typical fibrous root system crop needs large amounts of nitrogen rather than phosphorus and potassium and peanut which is a typical straight root system crop needs large amounts of phosphorus and potassium rather than nitrogen. When the two crops are planted in the same field, corn and peanut can produce complementary effect of microelement. Because of the complementary effect, both the yield and quality of corn and peanut will be also obviously improved. According to agronomy experts' research report, when corn is planted in three rows and peanuts are planted in four rows, the corn and peanut will achieve the best growth status. Under this circumstances, corn-peanut intercropping system is proposed. Corn-peanut intercropping system which will effectively control and relieve the competition of corn and peanut can realize the high production of both crops. But due to the disconnection of agricultural machinery and agronomy technology, the corn-peanut intercropping technology is always at manual work stage or independent seeding stage and meanwhile there is no machine that can simultaneously sow two seeds. At the present stage, corn seeder and peanut seeder are relatively perfect, however, the corn-peanut intercropping seeder is still in blank. So the corn-peanut intercropping seeder which can relieve manual work attracts some experts and scholars to study. According to above practical problems, a simple and efficient corn-peanut intercropping seeder was designed which could simultaneously sow both corn and peanut seed. It might realize rotary tillage, ridge construction, fertilizer mixing with soil, soil covering and compacting when the machine was working. The laws between the main structural parameters and working parameters were studied, and the main parameters influenced the seeding performance were determined by the orthogonal test, including the spindle rotary speed, the depth of the rotary and the upper parallelogram linkage length. The rotary tillage device and the minimum structure of parallelogram linkage were studied, and the relevant theory was established. Experimental results showed the optimal condition was that: the spindle rotary speed 260 r/min、the depth of the rotary 15 cm、the length of parallelogram linkage is 24 cm. The corresponding performance indexes are as following: the qualified rate of sowing depth is 91.1% for peanut and 90.1% for maize ,which could completely meet the requirement of the designation. The research provides a reference for further improving quality and optimizing the parameter for corn-peanut intercropping seeder device and the machine provides a choice for those farmers who use corn-peanut intercropping system.