夏季不同饮水器和水压对保育猪水利用情况的影响

养猪生产中猪饮水器用水中漏水将增加污水产生量,环境温度和供水水压及饮水器类型均会对饮水器总用水量产生重要影响.该文选择夏季不降温的保育猪舍,通过试验研究了不同饮水器和供水压力对保育猪用水量和浪费水量的影响.用水量和浪费水量每分记录1次.试验的第一个阶段,用10头/圈的保育猪比较了在水压为0.10,0.15和0.20MPa时杯式饮水器和swing饮水器对用水量和浪费水量的影响;第二个阶段,用5头/圈的保育猪比较了在水压为0.10MPa时带片swing饮水器和标准swing饮水器对用水量和浪费水量的影响.结果表明:在水压为0.1,0.15和0.20MPa时,杯式饮水器每头猪的用水总量分别为16.2±3.0,30.3±8.1和38.3±4.8L/d,swing饮水器的用水总量分别为5.7±1.0,8.7±1.9和10.3±0.4L/d.在0.1,0.15和0.20MPa下,杯式饮水器浪费水量/用水总量预测值分别为83.3%,85.1%和85.4%;swing饮水器浪费水量/用水总量分别为54.4%,48.3%和45.6%.带片swing饮水器每头猪用水总量(11.3±1.7L/d)没有显著高于标准swing饮水器的用水量(9.4±1.0L/d)(P>0.05).但是带片swing饮水器的浪费水量/用水量(60.2%)显著高于标准swing饮水器的浪费水量/用水量(46%)(P<0.05).因此,为了减少保育猪用水总量和浪费水量,应控制水压或者调节饮水器水流量至适宜值.在夏季不降温猪舍,与swing饮水器相比,杯式饮水器将增加用水总量和浪费水量.相对于标准swing饮水器,带片swing饮水器的使用没有减少水的浪费.

Water consumption and wastage of nursery pig with different drinkers at different water pressures in summer

Abstract: An experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of different drinkers and water pressure on water consumption and wastage by nursery pigs in summer. In the experiment, water consumption and wastage were recorded in minute over 5 d. Period 1 compared water consumption and wastage between bowl and swing drinkers at water pressures of 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20 MPa with 10 pigs (body weight 6.1-20.1 kg) in each pen. Period 2 compared water consumption and wastage between swing drinkers with blades and standard swing drinkers at water pressure of 0.10 MPa with 5 pigs (body weight 17.5-24.6 kg) in each pen. Water consumption of each pig from the bowl drinker at water pressures of 0.1, 0.15 and 0.20 MPa was 16.2±3.0, 30.3±8.1 and 38.3± 4.8 L/d; and from the swing drinker was 5.7±1.0, 8.7±1.9 and 10.3± 0.4 L/d, respectively. Predicted wastage/consumption from the bowl drinker at water pressures of 0.1, 0.15 and 0.20 MPa was 83.3%, 85.1% and 85.4%, respectively. Wastage/consumption from the swing drinker at water pressures of 0.1, 0.15 and 0.20 MPa was 54.4%, 48.3% and 45.6%, respectively. Water consumption from swing drinker with blades was not significantly higher (11.3±1.7 L/d) than from standard swing drinker (9.4±1.0 L/d). Wastage/consumption from swing drinker with blades (60.2%) was higher than from standard swing drinker (46.8%). Therefore, to reduce water consumption and wastage, water flow rate should be regulated. In summer, the bowl drinker can lead to more water consumption and wastage than the swing drinker. Swing drinker with blades was not better than the standard swing drinker to reduce water wastage.