BIM技术在Venlo温室设计中的应用分析

针对现行大型温室设计过程中普遍存在的设计工作流中信息不连贯、多平台重复建模、修改图纸工作量大且易出错以及预算工程量主要依靠人工提取等问题，提出一种基于BIM（Building Information Modeling）技术的大型温室设计方法和工作流。依托BIM技术在建筑领域的应用，有机结合高科技温室的设计工作需求，以Venlo温室为例，研究了设计阶段应用BIM技术的系统方法，明确了不同功能软件之间的信息交互模式，构建了基于BIM技术，以Revit为核心的Venlo温室设计、分析、出图和造价分析全体系工作流程，创建了基于中国温室技术特点的Venlo温室BIM族库。实现了从场地形体方案筛选、主体模型搭建、流场分析、结构分析、节点深化、各系统安装及综合检查、图纸明细表生成和效果图制作等全流程的BIM工作流体系搭建。研究结果表明，尽管BIM设计方法需在模型创建阶段投入相对较多时间，但分析工作可以基于BIM模型快速流畅进行，图纸可以借助软件在碰撞检查后快速创建，特别是在设计优化时可以快速地完成图纸的系统修改和完善，显著减少了重复绘图时间工作量，整体上可以较现行设计方法设计效率提升30%。将BIM技术应用在Venlo温室设计中，可以优化设计流程，加强对项目信息的管理和应用，提高项目设计效率和效益，对设施园艺产业的高质量发展有积极意义。

Application of BIM technology in Venlo greenhouse design

Abstract: In order to enhance the greenhouse design process and address the problems of incoherent information, repetitive modelling, frequent revision of drawings and manual extraction of quantities in the current greenhouse design process, this study proposes a BIM technology-based approach to the design of Venlo greenhouses. Firstly, the work to be done in the greenhouse design phase was specified. Based on the experience of BIM technology in other areas of construction, a systematic approach to the application of BIM technology at different stages of the design process of the Venlo greenhouse was analyzed, the software used to create the greenhouse BIM was selected, and a BIM-based workflow for the design, analysis, drafting and material statistics of the glass greenhouse was constructed. Furthermore, parametric component family were created by selecting different family templates according to the characteristics of Venlo greenhouse components, which formed a greenhouse component family library. Based on the workflow and the family library, a Venlo glasshouse for seedlings was designed. The design process consisted of schematic design, model creation and design output. In the schematic design phase, the site was arranged by using Revit''s site and mass modules. With the help of Ladybug Tools, the visual analysis of the climate data of the site was carried out, the hours of direct sunlight on the winter solstice for greenhouses of different orientations was compared, and the direction of the greenhouse was determined. Additionally, operator was created in Grasshopper to process the meteorological data and the geometric data of the greenhouse to calculate the cooling and heating loads and the maximum ventilation of the greenhouse, which provided information for the determination of the equipment parameters. Finally, based on the Venlo greenhouse, during the model creation phase, elevation and axis networks were created in Revit for the positioning of the structural frame family according to the defined scheme. Automatically the structural analysis model was generated and exported to Dlubal RFEM through the software interface for displacement and strength verification, and the frame specification was adjusted according to the results. Afterwards, the components were deepened with open cuts from the Revit family module, the steel module and Advance Steel. Upon completion of the structural framework, other production systems such as the enclosure system, natural ventilation system and irrigation system were created in turn. Moreover, Navisworks provided a comprehensive check of the model and the systems were coordinated according to the generated collision detection reports. In the design output stage, drawings could be created quickly by adding comments to the views and dragging them into the title bar. Simple components were generated from the component view and complex assemblies such as trusses were created with Advance Steel. Material statistics were done separately by family category. Lastly, the model was imported into Lumion for rendering and animation with the help of a plug-in. In addition, A part of this study was applied in the design construction process of Yang''ling smart Greenhouse. The smart greenhouse BIM model was created, and a visual display of component installation was done, providing certain support for greenhouse installation.BIM technology breaks through the design chain, resulting in multiple use of one model, simultaneous analysis and automatic bill of materials statistics, reducing the workload of drawing changes and saving one-third of the time compared to current greenhouse design methods. BIM technology in the Venlo greenhouse sector can optimize the design process, strengthen the management and application of project information, enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of project construction, and offer a new design approach of positive significance to the industry.