柑橘黄龙病热空气快速处理温度场分布特性试验研究

针对柑橘黄龙病自然热罩热处理存在的处理周期长、效率低、对自然条件依赖大、处理罩内温差过大等不足,提出了一种柑橘黄龙病热空气快速处理方法。为解决热空气快速处理时罩内温差过大的问题,搭建了柑橘黄龙病热空气快速处理温度场分布特性试验平台,研究了有无回风道、风速、热空气入口位置、热空气出口位置、入风口热空气温度对处理罩内温度场分布的影响。试验结果表明:风速、热空气入口位置、热空气出口位置、入风口热空气温度对处理罩内各截面温度场均有显著影响(P0.05);回风道不仅能使处理罩内温度场更均匀,而且能够降低能耗。通过试验得出柑橘黄龙病快速热空气处理的优选参数为:有回风道,风速14.5 m/s,热空气入口位于处理罩下层,热空气出口位于处理罩上层,且与入口呈90?,入风口热空气温度90℃。在该优选参数下,处理罩内温度从32℃上升到48℃,耗时约为9 min,处理罩内的温度极差为3.9℃,比非优选参数下罩内的温度极差相比下降了14.1℃。并在此参数下对柑橘黄龙病进行快速热空气处理田间试验,处理后病菌浓度平均降低80.28%。研究结果为黄龙病热空气规模化处理设备的优化设计提供参考。

Experiment on temperature field distribution characteristics of citrus huanglongbing hot air rapid treatment

For the weak points of citrus huanglongbing (HLB) heat treatment by sunlight, such as long treatment period, low efficiency, serious dependence on natural condition, and large temperature difference in treatment enclosure, one citrus HLB hot air rapid treatment method was proposed. To solve the problem of large temperature difference in the heat treatment enclosure, an experimental platform was set up for analyzing the temperature field distribution characteristics of HLB hot air rapid treatment, which consisted of heat treatment enclosure, industrial hot air blower, paperless recorder and 12-channel temperature recorder. And the influence of air return duct existence or not, wind speed, hot air inlet position, outlet position, and inlet hot air temperature on the temperature field distribution of hot air treatment were investigated. The results showed that: (a) Return air duct had a significant impact on the cross section of middle and upper layer and the longitudinal section where the hot air inlet position existed in the enclosure, but had no significant effect on the cross section of lower layer and the longitudinal section where the hot air outlet position existed. When there was a air return duct, not only the uniformity was better in the enclosure, but also the energy consumption was lower than the condition without it. (b) Wind speed had a significant impact on each section in the heat treatment enclosure, and the average temperature of each section increased with the increase of wind speed. When the wind speed was 14.5 m/s, the uniformity of each section was better. (c) Hot air inlet position had a significant impact on each section in the heat treatment enclosure, and the uniformity of each section was better when the hot air inlet position was located at the lower layer of the enclosure. (d) Hot air outlet position had a significant impact on each section in the heat treatment enclosure, and the uniformity of each section was better when the hot air outlet position was located at the upper layer of the enclosure, which had a 90° angle with the inlet position. (e) Inlet hot air temperature had a significant impact on each section in the heat treatment enclosure, and the higher the inlet temperature, the faster the temperature rising in the heat treatment enclosure. When the uniformity and the rising speed of temperature in the enclosure were taken into consideration, 90℃ was the best temperature of inlet hot air. (f) The optimal parameters were that there was a return air duct, the wind speed was 14.5 m/s, the hot air inlet position was located at the lower layer of the enclosure, the hot air outlet position was located at the upper layer of the enclosure, which had a 90° angle with the inlet position, and the inlet hot air temperature was 90℃. Under the optimal parameters, the temperature in the treatment enclosure rising from 32 to 48℃ took about 9 min, and the temperature range of the whole enclosure was 3.9℃, which dropped by 14.1℃ compared to that under non-optimal parameters; and the temperature range of each section under the optimal parameters was also decreased. Under the optimal parameters, the effectiveness of rapid hot air treatment on the control of citrus HLB was proved, and the average reduction rate of bacteria concentration after treatment was 80.28%. The results provide a reference for the optimization design of large-scale HLB hot air treatment equipment.