土壤入渗性能自动测量系统原理与应用研究

土壤入渗性能对水资源转换利用、农业水管理等方面有着十分重要的作用。该文运用机器视觉及数字图像处理技术，开发了一套以线源入流方法为基础的土壤入渗性能自动测量系统。完成了对该系统的硬件设计、组集和系统软件的开发。利用数字摄像头对表征土壤入渗性能变化过程的线源水流在地表的推进过程进行实时采集截取图片，并对图片进行处理和分析，提取水流在地表推进过程中的湿润面积。根据测量土壤入渗性能的线源入流方法中的数学模型自动计算土壤水入渗率，并实时显示入渗性能曲线的变化过程。采用该系统进行了土壤入渗性能的室内验证试验，取得很好的效果，系统实现了实时测量、后台计算、实时显示土壤入渗性能曲线，结果表明测量误差为5.27％,说明了该测量系统的合理性和准确性。为土壤入渗性能的高效、自动化测量提供了工具。

Principle of the automatic system for measuring soil infiltrability and its application

Soil infiltrability is an important issue in water resources transformation and utilization as well as agricultural water management. In this study, an automatic system with machine vision and image processing technology was developed for measuring soil infiltrability based on the linear run-on method. Hardware was integrated and the operational software was developed. The system uses a digital camera to take images of the run-on water advances at real-time from arbitrary orientation before they are processed and analyzed to determine the wetted areas. According to the wetted areas determined the system computed the soil infiltration rate with the mathematic models outlined in the linear run-on method and displayed infiltration curve on the real-time basis. Laboratory experiments were carried out to verify the system with desired functions such as real-time measurements, infiltration computation, and display. The measurement error was 5.27%, which demonstrates the feasibility of the system. This system provides an automated yet high efficient tool for the measurement of soil infiltrability.