蔬菜嫁接机嫁接夹振动排序装置工作参数优化试验

为解决蔬菜嫁接夹外形结构复杂导致自动排序困难的问题,该文设计了贴接嫁接机嫁接夹振动排序装置,并采用试验方法对该装置的最佳工作参数进行了优化研究。论文在研制出振动排序装置样机的基础上,以典型的甜瓜嫁接夹为研究对象,选取振动电压、筛选挡杆的安装角度和安装长度作为试验因素,以排夹时间变异系数为试验指标,进行嫁接夹振动排序装置作业性能的单因素和二次回归正交试验,确定该装置的最优工作参数,并进行了试验验证。试验结果表明,振动排序装置的最优工作参数为振动电压40 V、筛选挡杆的安装角度25.7°、安装长度45.5 mm,此时振动排序装置排夹效果最好,排夹时间变异系数为68.22%,排夹成功率可以保证100%,排夹效率为70个/min。因此,振动排序装置可以成功地完成甜瓜嫁接夹全自动排序及输送,满足设计要求,研究结果为蔬菜全自动嫁接机的研制与开发提供重要的参考。

Optimization experiment of operating parameters on vibration sorting-clip device for vegetable grafting machine

Abstract: Vegetable grafting machines are extensively studied by Japan, South Korea, China and North America, and various types of grafting machines were developed successfully. In China, Zhang Tiezhong, Gu Song, and other researchers carried out ample work on cut-pasting in vegetable grafting machines. However, due to the complexity of grafting technology and the poor applicability of the grafting machine, these machines are not widely used in China. Therefore, it is significant to develop an automatic grafting machine that can be suitable for agricultural production in northeast China. In order to realize automation of a vegetable grafting machine, and solve the difficulties of automatic sorting grafting clips because of their complex shape and structure, a vibration sorting-clip device for vegetable grafting machine was designed, and the working parameters of the device were optimized by using the experimental methods in this study. The circular cylindrical hopper is one of the most important structures in the vibration sorting-clip device. The spiral material passage's inner wall of a circular cylindrical hopper is installed by four fixed guiding mechanisms which are used to sort and direct vegetable grafting clips while conveying them. The first and the second fixed guiding mechanism are both sheet-shaped structures, the third is rod-shaped and the fourth is hole-shaped. A screening dam bar is another key component of the vibration sorting-clip device that is installed on a lateral plate between the end of the spiral material passage and the discharge port. The installing angle and installing length of the screening dam bar can be adjusted and the two major factors will affect the performance of the vibration delivery device. In addition, the input vibration voltage is also another major factor that will affect the performance of the vibration sorting-clip device. The grafting clips for the typical muskmelon were selected as the research objects. Three variables were selected as the experimental factors, i.e. input vibration voltage, installing angle, and the installing length of the screening dam bar. The variation coefficient of sorting clips that represented the performance of sorting grafting clips was determined as the experimental index. Moreover, the single factor experiment and two regression orthogonal experiments were conducted in order to determine the optimal technological parameters of the vibration sorting-clip device. The single factor experiments studied the influence of input vibration voltage, installing angle, and installing length on variation coefficient of sorting clips, respectively. According to the results of single factor experiment, the two regression orthogonal experiments were conducted after selecting two reasonable values within the effective range as two levels. The optimal operating parameters of the vibration sorting-clip device for the vegetable grafting machine were determined by the experiment. The input vibratory voltage of the sorting device was 40V, the installing angle of the screening dam bar was 25.7 degrees, the installing length of the screening dam bar was 45.5 millimeters, and the variation coefficient of the sorting clips was 0.6822. The parameters proved to be the best performance of the sorting grafting clips until the present. The success rate was 100% and the working efficiency was 70 per min by using the above parameters. Under the conditions of the optimal operating parameters, the vibration sorting-clip device of the vegetable grafting machine can meet the requirements of design. Therefore, the vibration sorting clips device can achieve automatic conveying and sorting of vegetable grafting clips successfully, and the experimental results provide important references for developing an automatic vegetable grafting machine.