水分胁迫对温室双孢菇动态发育品质及水分利用效率的影响

为研究基质水分胁迫对双孢菇全育期内菇形的动态发育、产菇品质的影响,确定温室双孢菇适宜、高效的施水方案,以"奥吉1号"品种为试验材料,于2020年8月进行双孢菇全育期基质水分胁迫试验。该试验设置正常T1(基质饱和持水率的80%～90%)、轻度水分胁迫T2(基质饱和持水率的70%～80%)、中度水分胁迫T3(基质饱和持水率的60%～70%)、重度水分胁迫T4(基质饱和持水率的50%～60%)4种水分处理方案,出菇期测定双孢菇发育动态、单菇品质、区域产菇品质、产量与水分利用效率(Water Use Efficiency,WUE)。结果表明:1)菇盖与菇柄的形态指标、出菇品质与基质含水量呈正相关,菇高受水分胁迫影响不明显。2)盖厚、茎粗、菇高的发育经历逐渐增长、快速增长和缓慢增长3个阶段。在T4水处理下菇厚、茎粗的最大值比T1水处理减少26.1%、24.9%,出菇时间延迟16.5 h(P0.05)。随着水分胁迫的加剧,菇柄与菇盖的生长速率峰值逐步提前,迅速增长期延长。3)在T2水处理下,双孢菇WUE和产菇数最高,相比T1水处理提高2.3%和9.2%(P0.05),出菇产量和优质菇率略低于T1水处理。4)双孢菇结菇前期和后期可进行轻度水分胁迫提高WUE,形成耐旱机制。快速发育期内应保持基质充足含水量,以提高双孢菇品质,加快出菇时间。该研究为双孢菇水分精准管理提供理论依据。

Effects of water stress on dynamic development quality of Agaricus bisporus and water efficiency in greenhouse

Abstract: This study aims to examine the effect of matrix water on the expansion of mushroom shape, thereby determining the efficient water application of Agaricus bisporus in a greenhouse. A matrix water stress test of Abisporus bisporus during the whole growth period was conducted in the greenhouse in Henan University of Science and Technology of China in August 2020. The "Aoji No. 1" variety was taken as experimental material. An environmental control system was developed to adjust the temperature, air humidity, and CO2 concentration in the greenhouse. Four groups of matrix moistures were set at the saturated water holding rate of 80%-90% (full water treatment, T1), 70%-80% (light stress, T2), 60%-70% (moderate stress, T3), and 50%-60% (severe stress, T4). A sensor of soil moisture RS485 was selected to monitor the water content of substrate soil. The key parameters were determined, including the development morphological index, single mushroom quality, regional mushroom quality, yield, and water use efficiency of Agaricus bisporus during the fruiting period. The results showed that: 1) The thickness of mushroom cover and the stalk diameter were evidently reduced with the increase of soil water stress. There was no significant influence of soil water stress on the height of mushrooms. The maximum thickness of mushroom cover and stalk diameter decreased by 24.6% and 24.9% under severe stress of soil water. The harvest time was delayed by 16.5 h, when the size of mushroom cover was used as the index of fruiting, compared with full water treatment (P < 0.05). 2) The gradual, rapid, and slow growth stages were included in the development of cover thickness, stalk diameter, and mushroom height. Soil water stress reduced the peak of growth rate for the thickness of mushroom cover. The peak growth rate of mushroom stalk and cover were gradually advanced, whereas, the rapid growth time was prolonged significantly with the aggravation of soil water stress. Compared with full water treatment, the rapid growth time for the thickness of mushroom cover under light stress, moderate stress, and severe stress delayed by 4.3, 5.4, and 10.6 h, respectively, whereas, the rapid growth time of stalk diameter delayed by 10, 4.2, and 7.6 h, respectively, (P<0.05). 3) The overall quality, yield, and water use efficiency of Agaricus bisporus reduced with the increase of soil water stress. The number of diseased spots and malformed mushrooms increased sharply under moderate and severe water stress, resulting in the decrease of high-quality mushroom yield. The yield of Agaricus bisporus under the mild, moderate, and severe soil water stress decreased by 5.5%, 26.3%, and 39.1%, respectively, (P < 0.05), compared with full water treatment. Water use efficiency and the number of Agaricus bisporus reached the highest under the mild water stress, increasing by 3%, and 4.81%, respectively, compared with full water treatment (P < 0.05). Fruiting- and high-quality mushroom ratio under the mild water stress were slightly lower than those of full water treatment. 4) The soil water stress during the whole growth period of Agaricus bisporus led to the changes of fruiting body and texture of monomer, as well as the reduction of yield and high-quality ratio. Appropriate soil water stress prolonged the period of rapid growth stage without affecting the quality of Agaricus bisporus. Mild water stress can be carried out in the gradual growth stage (0~40 h), and slow growth stage (100~140 h) of mushroom to increase water use efficiency. The sufficient water content of the substrate should be maintained during the rapid development period (40h~100h). Water deficit treatment should not be carried out to improve the development rate and quality of Agaricus bisporus. This finding can offer an efficient application of water control in fungi substrate suitable for the precise management of water in Agaricus bisporus production.e of water control of fungi substrate and provides a theoretical basis for the precise management of water in agaricus bisporus.