山地丘陵区农村居民点空间分布特征及影响机制分析（英文稿）

山地丘陵区是受人类活动和自然因素干扰的特殊区域，也是人地关系矛盾突出的地区，是国土空间治理的重点与难点区域。分析山地丘陵区农村居民点的分布特征，对实现乡村重建与乡村振兴具有重要意义。 该研究试图构建研究框架，结合重庆石船镇的案例，从定量和定性两方面探讨山区农村居民点的空间分布特征。结果表明：1）山地丘陵区农村居民点空间分布存在显著差异；农村居民点大多位于低海拔、平缓地形、低灾害风险、离水中等距离、靠近城镇和道路的地区，人口规模、宜居环境等因素影响农村居民点的发展、选址和扩张。2）山地丘陵区高密度地区农村居民点空间分布呈现随机分布、分散分布或均匀分布的特征，而低密度地区农村居民点空间分布呈现聚集分布的特征。 农村居民点更有可能集中在人口密度高的地区，如海拔较低、坡度较缓、距水源中等、地质灾害风险低的地区。3）自然因素、区位因素和社会经济因素相互关联，在不同时期表现出不同的耦合模式，决定了山区农村居民点的数量和分布。随着区域经济社会的发展，自然因素对乡村聚落空间分布的影响逐渐减弱，而区位因素、城镇化、产业发展、交通条件、政府政策等规划因素是改变山区农村居民点空间形态的主导力量。 空间治理的差异性策略是实现山区乡村聚落可持续利用和优化布局的必要条件。

Spatial distribution characteristics and influencing mechanism of rural settlements in mountainous areas

Abstract: Spatial distribution of rural settlements can be one of the most important indicators for the state and mobility of rural population agglomeration. The distribution characteristics of rural settlements can greatly contribute to the rural reconstruction and revitalization in mountainous areas. In this study, an attempt was made to quantitatively and qualitatively explore the spatial distribution characteristics of rural settlements in mountainous areas, particularly by combining a research framework and case study. The results indicate that: 1) There were significant differences in the spatial distribution of rural settlements in the mountainous areas. Most of the rural settlements were located in areas with low elevation, gentle topography, low disaster risk, moderate distance from water, and close to towns and roads. Population size and livable environment dominated the development, location, and expansion of rural settlements. 2) There were random, scattered, or uniform patterns of spatial distribution for the rural settlements in high-density areas, while the rural settlements in low-density areas were clustered. The rural settlements were more likely to be concentrated in the areas with a high population density, such as the areas with the lower elevation, gentle slope, moderate distance to the water source, and low risk of geological disasters. 3) The natural, location, social and economic factors were interrelated to form the various coupling patterns in different periods, which determined the quantity and distribution of rural settlements in mountainous areas. There were the gradually weak impacts of natural factors on the spatial distribution of rural settlements, with the development of regional economy and society. Furthermore, the principal driving factors were achieved to change the spatial forms of rural settlements, including the location factors, urbanization, industrial development, traffic conditions, and government policies, such as planning factors. The differential strategies of spatial management were proposed to realize the sustainable land use and optimal distribution of rural settlements. First, it is necessary to transfer the rural settlements from the harsh natural conditions and disaster-prone areas to the better natural and geological conditions. Second, the ecological restoration needed to be performed on the rural settlements in the areas with fragile ecological environment. Third, the living, ecological and production space can be delimited rationally to guide the spatial management and layout of rural settlements, according to the local conditions. Fourth, the rural settlements far from the town center, traffic facilities, and water sources can be transformed from the spatial scattered layout into the centralized residence via the unified spatial planning and infrastructure.