环保地膜覆盖对土壤水分及玉米产量的影响

为了提高旱作农区降雨利用效率，并解决地膜覆盖造成的环境污染问题，在渭北旱塬进行了普通地膜、生物降解膜和液态膜玉米集雨种植栽培试验。结果表明：普通地膜和生物降解膜覆盖处理在玉米不同生育阶段较对照0～60 cm土层土壤贮水量均有所提高，与液态膜及不覆盖处理（CK）相比呈显著性差异（p＜0.05）；不同材料覆盖处理的土壤水分空间变化规律相同，普通地膜和生物降解膜覆盖处理可有效提高土壤含水率，并能增强0～200 cm土层土壤含水率的稳定性；普通地膜和生物降解膜处理的玉米籽粒产量比对照（CK）分别提高了19.96%和19.67%，水分利用效率分别比对照提高32.08%和31.81%，均与对照（CK）呈显著性差异，液态膜处理的籽粒产量及水分利用效率与对照无显著性差异。可见，生物降解膜与普通地膜在土壤保水及对玉米产量的影响方面均具有显著效果，且相互间没有明显差异，生物降解膜可以替代普通地膜应用于农业生产。

Influences of different covering materials mulching on soil moisture and corn yield

With the purpose of promoting rainfall utilization efficiency and mitigating environmental pollution caused by plastic film utilization in dry farming area, plastic film, biodegradable film and liquid film were used to research the rainfall harvesting planting during corn growth period in the arid highland of northern Wei River basin. The results indicated that, when treated with plastic film and biodegradable film covering, the moisture storage of soil at depth range of 0-60 cm increased during the whole growth period of experimental corn sample, and showed a significant difference (P<0.05) comparing with the liquid film covering treat and no covering treat (CK). The spatial variation of soil moisture showed no difference with different mulching materials; plastic film and biodegradable film covering efficiently improved the soil moisture storage and enhanced the moisture storage stability of soil at depth range of 0-200 cm. When treated with plastic film and biodegradable film covering, the grain yield of corn increased by 19.96% and 19.67% respectively, and the water use efficiency increased by 32.08% and 31.81%, respectively. Therefore, biodegradable film and plastic film has significant effect on soil water conservation and corn yield, and shows no big difference between them, biodegradable film can be used in agricultural production in replace of the plastic film..