基于Hybrid-Maize模型的黑龙江春玉米灌溉增产潜力评估

区域灌溉增产潜力研究是建设灌溉设施的基础,该文利用Hybrid-Maize模型研究了黑龙江省不同区域玉米通过灌溉措施可获得的增产潜力。田间验证结果表明,Hybrid-Maize模型对黑龙江省灌溉和雨养玉米均表现出很好的模拟效果。为了研究黑龙江省春玉米灌溉增产潜力(充分灌溉和雨养产量潜力之间的产量差),利用Hybrid-Maize模型结合实际的生产要素(品种、密度和生育期)及多年气象数据对黑龙江全省玉米的产量潜力进行了模拟,结果表明,黑龙江省第1积温带灌溉增产潜力较大,第3、4、5积温带灌溉增产潜力小;第1与第2积温带西部代表站点灌溉增产潜力大于东部。区域模拟分析表明,黑龙江省西南部充分灌溉条件下的玉米产量潜力最高,达到15000kg/hm2以上,而东部地区雨养产量潜力最高,达到14000～14799kg/hm2;自西南向东、向北,灌溉增产潜力逐渐变小,西南部的灌溉增产潜力最大,达到1600kg/hm2以上,而东部与北部最小,灌溉增产潜力小于300kg/hm2。当生育期内降雨量在350mm以下、全年降雨量在430mm以下时灌溉增产潜力变异最大。因此,黑龙江省玉米灌溉条件的建设应综合考虑积温和降雨2个要素,优先考虑积温较高(第1与第2积温带)、降雨较低(生育期降雨量在350mm以下、全年降雨量在430mm以下)的区域。该研究可为黑龙江建立合理的水利灌溉设施提供参考。

Evaluation of yield increasing potential by irrigation of spring maize in Heilongjiang province based on Hybrid-Maize model

The yield increasing potential of irrigation was the basis of the construction of irrigation facilities on a regional scale. In this study, the maize yield increasing potential of irrigation in Heilongjiang province was evaluated using a process-based model "Hybrid-Maize." Through two field experiments in Qixing and 850 farms in Heilongjiang, the Hybrid-Maize model was verified and showed a good simulation in both irrigation and rain-fed conditions. To study the maize yield increasing potential of irrigation (the yield gap between irrigation and rainfed yield potential) in Heilongjiang province, modeling work combined with agronomic practice (cultivar, plant density and growth durations) and historical meteorological data was conducted. Modeling results showed that the maize yield increasing potential by irrigation was highest at the first accumulated temperature zone and was low at the third, fourth and fifth accumulated temperature zones. The west representative sites of the first and second accumulated temperature zones showed higher yield increasing potential of irrigation than the east representative sites. Regional modeling results showed that, under condition of irrigation, there was the highest yield potential with more than 15 000 kg/hm2 in the southwest region of Heilongjiang province, and under condition of rain-fed, there was the highest yield potential with 14 000-14 799 kg/hm2 in the east region of Heilongjiang province. From the southwest to the east and north, the yield increasing potential of irrigation showed a declining trend from more than 1 600 kg/hm2 to less than 300 kg/hm2. When the mean growing season and annual precipitations were less than 350 mm and 430 mm respectively, the variance of the yield increasing potential of irrigation was the largest. In conclusion, we suggest that the south-west area in Heilongjiang province, where the mean growing season and annual precipitations were less than 350 mm and 430 mm in the first and second accumulated temperature zones, should be the priority area for the construction of irrigation facilities. The study can provide references for reasonable irrigation facilities construction in Heilongjiang.