农村生活污水生态处理工艺研究与应用

农村生活污染源成为影响水环境的重要因素,特别在水源地、库区对尤其明显.通过分析城市污水处理和乡村污水处理的不同之处,将生物方法与生态工程有机结合,研究开发既节省成本和运行费用,又能达到稳定的除磷脱氮效果的农村污水处理新工艺是非常必要的.该文以实际工程为依托,研究建立了“五环”式(ACGMP, anaerobic, constructed wetlands, genetic engineering of rice, microorganism, pond)生态高效农村生活污水处理工程系统,该系统在进行自然村污水各户连接的基础上,建设污水厌氧反应器、人工湿地,种植高吸附主要污染因子的水生植物,投入高效污水分解专用微生物,利用天然池塘等5个环节,整个工程系统无电力,实现完全自流动,处理后的污水达到国家规定的排放标准.该系统在三峡库区应用,取得了明显的效果,pH值、化学需氧量COD、总磷、总氮、氨氮、活性污泥浓度、六价铬、等10个指标,都达到了国家排放标准.对于农村污水处理,特别在水源地和水库水质保护方面是非常重要和成功的工程化措施,具有广阔的应用推广前景.

Research and application of high-efficiency eco-engineering rural sewage treatment system

With the rapid economic and social development in China, rural per capita daily water consumption and sewage emissions have surged, resulting in a large amount of domestic sewage. However, the rural population is a dispersed population, and there are no sewage collection and treatment facilities. Domestic pollution in rural areas is an important factor affecting the water environment, particularly in the water source, and reservoir water quality cannot be ignored. Poor water quality directly harm the health of peasants, and can easily lead to the outbreak and spread of epidemic diseases. Therefore, research and development of both cost savings and operating costs, while maintaining the stability of the phosphorus and nitrogen removal effect of rural domestic sewage treatment process is very necessary.For rural scattered distribution, coupled with a long-standing way of living, habits, and economic status differences, the actual project was the basis to study the establishment of the "rings." The formula (ACGMP, Anaerobic, Constructed wetlands, Genetic engineering of Rice, Microorganism, Pond) was for an eco-efficient rural domestic sewage treatment works system, with the system performing villages sewage treatment for households connected, construction of a sewage anaerobic reactor, constructed wetlands, planting high adsorption pollution factors aquatic plants, efficient investment in the decomposition of sewage dedicated micro-organisms, the use of a natural pond five links, and an entire engineering system power, to achieve complete self-liquidity.The rural domestic sewage treatment works application site is located in the Three Gorges reservoir area in Chunqiu Village, Chongqing. The process design and operating parameters were: a design population of 300, according to the volume of sewage 100 L per person, and sewage treatment capacity of 30-50 m3/d; design flow rate of 30-50 m3/d, design effluent standard GB8987-1996. The process used anaerobic technology and an eco-technology organic combination of artificial substrate and growth of aquatic plants and micro-organisms on which to form a unique soil-plant-microbial ecosystem. Water quality met the national secondary standard of Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard. Water could be used for the nearby agricultural irrigation, harmless wastewater, recycling and reuse.Through the week, continuous sampling monitoring showed: COD, total phosphorus, SS, ammonia nitrogen decreased slightly lower; TN; hexavalent chromium by adsorption decreased slightly; pH almost not changed, near-neutral; total lead, cadmium total, and mercury was not detected. By monitoring the treated water discharge standards, the impact of the treatment works was obvious. Phosphorus, SS, ammonia decreased slightly lower; TN; hexavalent chromium by adsorption decreased slightly; has not changed, near-neutral pH almost; total lead, cadmium, mercury was not detected by monitoring the treated water discharge standards.Energy required by the system was gravitational energy, solar, bio-energy and other eco-energy, without the need for additional power, so it is energy-saving. Take 50 m3/d scale sewage as example, it only needed 3500 Yuan to invest in dealing with one ton of sewage, with the running costs averaging 0.1 Yuan/t.After being treated by this process, rural sewage basically reached national emission level two standard. This completely changed the village mosquitoes breeding problem, and alleviated obvious odor and other environmental conditions caused by the prior wanton chaotic emission of sewage. It significantly improved the surrounding environment, resulting in praise from the local government and villagers,The rural sewage treatment engineering systems design science, technology integration, process maturity, and obvious characteristics, highlights the advantages of the effect as significant. The process of rural sewage treatment technology quality protection in the Three Gorges reservoir area has opened up a new way to obtain a successful experience. This has an important promotional value and broad application prospects.