喷灌水量分布均匀性评价指标比较及研究进展

为提高喷灌水量分布均匀性评价的准确性和可靠性，将喷灌水量分布均匀系数分为基于平均偏差的均匀系数、基于标准偏差的均匀系数、强调部分水量特征的分布均匀系数、基于概率分布函数的均匀系数和基于空间分布函数的均匀系数5大类，并对这些均匀系数的特点及其相互关系进行了分析和推导。结果表明：各均匀系数互有联系，但评价的侧重点各不相同，应根据评价和研究目的的不同选用相应的均匀系数对均匀性进行综合评价。最后指出今后研究重点应对均匀系数计算方法之间的差异和均匀性测试试验中不确定性因素进行定量分析，提高均匀系数计算结果的可靠性和可比性，为今后制订更具体、更准确的喷灌均匀系数测试和评价标准提供参考。

Advances and comparisons of uniformity evaluation index of sprinkle irrigation

In order to improve the reliability and accuracy of water uniformity evaluation, five categories of uniformity coefficients and the equations that describe the interrelationships between these models were analyzed. The five categories of coefficients are mean deviation coefficients, standard deviation coefficients, distribution uniformity coefficients, statistical distribution coefficients, and spatial distribution coefficients. The results showed that these models had both advantages and disadvantages and different models had different application purposes when they were used to evaluate sprinkle irrigation uniformity. It was concluded that only using one uniformity coefficient could hardly give accurate evaluation results, and appropriate coefficients and models should be selected according to certain evaluation and research purposes. It was also suggested that the future research should be emphasized upon the experimental analysis about uniformity calculation methods and uncertain factors during tests that had great influences on irrigation uniformity values. This research provides theoretical references to create new test and measurement standards for sprinkle irrigation uniformity evaluation.