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少免耕与秸秆还田对极端土壤水分及冬小麦产量的影响
引用本文:吕美蓉,李增嘉,张 涛,宁堂原,赵建波,李洪杰.少免耕与秸秆还田对极端土壤水分及冬小麦产量的影响[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(1):41-46.
作者姓名:吕美蓉  李增嘉  张 涛  宁堂原  赵建波  李洪杰
作者单位:1. 山东农业大学农学院,国家作物生物学重点试验室,泰安,271018
2. 山东农业大学农学院,国家作物生物学重点试验室,泰安,271018;威海市农业局,威海,264200
基金项目:国家粮食丰产工程“华北平原山东省保护性耕作集成与示范”(2004BA520A14C10);国家“十一五”科技支撑项目“华北平原缺水区保护性耕作技术集成研究与示范”(2006BAD10B07);山东省资源节约型社会科技支撑体系建设专项计划项目“现代农业节水关键技术集成研究与示范”(2006JY06)
摘    要:为了高效利用天然降雨,缓和农业水资源短缺,该试验在小麦、玉米一年两熟条件下,设置耕作措施和秸秆2个因素,其中耕作措施分为常规耕作、深松耕、耙耕、旋耕、免耕5种,秸秆因素分为玉米秸秆全量还田与不还田,共10个处理,研究了耕作措施与秸秆因素对极端土壤水分和冬小麦产量的效应。结果表明,无论秸秆还田与否,相对于常规耕作,深松耕能提高土壤水分充足期的土壤含水率,增加冬小麦产量,尤其是深松耕秸秆还田,比常规耕作无秸秆还田分别高25.74%和11.45%。秸秆因素在土壤水分充足时影响土壤含水率方面占主导地位,秸秆因素与耕作措施在土壤水分亏缺时影响土壤含水率和冬小麦产量方面均起着重要的作用。免耕、深松耕、耙耕与秸秆还田的交互效应能够增加集雨,提高冬小麦产量。研究结果还表明,冬小麦产量与土壤水分亏缺时土壤含水率相关不显著,而与土壤水分充足期土壤含水率相关显著。

关 键 词:秸秆,土壤含水率,耕作,少免耕,还田,极端土壤水分,产量
收稿时间:1/6/2008 12:00:00 AM
修稿时间:2009/10/19 0:00:00

Effects of minimum or no-tillage system and straw returning on extreme soil moisture and yield of winter wheat
Lü Meirong,Li Zengjia,Zhang Tao,Ning Tangyuan,Zhao Jianbo,Li Hongjie.Effects of minimum or no-tillage system and straw returning on extreme soil moisture and yield of winter wheat[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2010,26(1):41-46.
Authors:Lü Meirong  Li Zengjia  Zhang Tao  Ning Tangyuan  Zhao Jianbo  Li Hongjie
Institution:1.College of Agronomy/a>;Shandong Agricultural University/a>;State Laboratory of Crop Biology/a>;Taian 271018/a>;China/a>;2.Weihai Agricultural Bureau/a>;Weihai 264200/a>;China
Abstract:Soil moisture and yield of winter wheat were evaluated in a field experiment involving tillage (conventional tillage, subsoiling, harrowing, rotary tillage, and no-tillage) plus straw application (straw returning and no-straw returning) under a rotation of wheat and maize, and the aim was to utilize rainwater effectively and alleviate the deficit of water resources in agriculture. The results showed that subsoiling improved soil moisture in the period of waterabundance and yield of winter wheat under straw returning and no-straw returning over conventional tillage, especially subsoiling tillage plus straw returning, which enhanced by 25.74% and 11.45% over conventional tillage, respectively. Straw factor played a leading role in soil moisture in the period of water abundance, both straw factor and tillage factor played important roles in soil moisture in the period of water deficit and yield of winter wheat. The interactive effects between no-tillage, subsoiling, harrowing and straw returning improved rainwater collection and winter wheat yield. The results also show that yield of winter wheat is not closely related with soil moisture in the period of water deficit, however, significantly relates with soil moisture in the period of water abundance.
Keywords:straw  soil moisture  cultivation  minimum or no-tillage system  returning  extreme soil moisture  yield
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