重大线性工程建设下山区乡村聚落空间演变

区域重大线性工程建设对传统山区乡村聚落的发展带来深刻的影响,乡村聚落发展步伐被打断或加快,驱动乡村聚落发展演变与重构,对这一影响和演变过程研究,有助于进一步理解区域重大线性工程与社会经济对传统山区乡村发展产生的外部性,为山区乡村振兴政策制定与发展策略选择提供参考。该研究以河北省赤城县大海陀乡为研究对象,基于1999、2009、2019年3期遥感影像数据,结合空间分析、景观格局指数、Voronoi图及Logistic回归模型,科学识别重大线性工程驱动下乡村聚落空间格局演变规律。结果表明：1）大海陀乡的乡村聚落在高速公路建设前后两个阶段表现出散乱式的斑块数量增长型扩张、集聚式的斑块面积增大型扩张的空间格局演变特征,重大线性工程建设加快了乡村聚落的扩张速度,促进了村庄聚落的内部集聚。2）重大线性工程的建设为构建聚落环境提供社会经济支撑,具有瞬时性与外界强干扰性,驱使大海陀乡乡村聚落从自然资源依附到经济社会依附的演变,形成跨域式的影响效应。3）大海陀乡乡村聚落呈现出"要素-结构-功能"的循环演变机制,内外因素的作用下主体行为的多元模式、自然发展演变与外界力量冲击下三生系统的耦合关系是乡村聚落演变的主要驱动力。京津冀一体化背景下,重大线性工程建设是加强城乡要素流通与转变村民生产生活观念的基石,需统筹城乡资源,加强规划引导与整治措施,促进村镇体系重构。

Spatial evolution of rural settlement in mountainous areas under the major linear projects

Abstract: The construction of regional major project has a profound impact on the development of rural settlements in traditional mountainous areas, the historical pace of the development of rural settlements is interrupted or accelerated, the research on this influence and evolution process is helpful to further understand the externality of regional major linear project and economic development on rural development in traditional mountainous areas, which provides a reference for policy making and development strategy selection of Rural Revitalization in mountainous areas. The research object is Dahaituo Township, Chicheng County, Hebei Province, based on the remote sensing image data of 1999, 2009 and 2019, combined with spatial analysis, landscape pattern index, Voronoi diagram and logistic regression model, identify the spatial evolution characteristics of rural settlements driven by major linear project: (1) The spatial pattern of rural settlements in Dahaituo township has changed obviously, which shows different spatial pattern evolution characteristics before and after the construction of expressway. From 1999 to 2009, before the construction of expressway, rural settlements showed the characteristics of scattered patch quantity increasing, from 2009 to 2019, in the highway construction stage, it shows the characteristics of agglomeration patch area increasing. The major linear project, as an external force, accelerates the expansion speed of rural settlements and promotes the internal agglomeration of village settlements. (2) Under the condition of natural development and evolution without external intervention, the rural settlements in Dahaituo pay more attention to the dependence on natural resources, the area with flat terrain and rich cultivated land resources is often the first choice for rural settlement construction. Under the influence of major linear project construction, the level of rural social and economic development has been effectively improved, providing economic support for the construction of settlement environment, has the attributes of instantaneous and external interference, rural population and income, agricultural output value, financial income and other social and economic factors have gradually become the main driving factors of rural settlement evolution. Major linear engineering construction drives the evolution of rural settlements in Dahaituo Township from natural resources dependence to economic and social dependence, form a large-scale, cross regional effect. (3) The rural settlement in Dahaituo Township presents a cyclic evolution mechanism of "element-structure-function", the main driving forces of rural settlement evolution are the multiple modes of subject behavior under the action of internal and external factors, and the coupling relationship between natural development and the ecological-life-production system under the impact of external forces. The construction of major linear projects influences and determines the evolution direction and trend of rural settlements by influencing social and economic factors, and promotes the evolution of rural settlements and reconstruction of village and town system. Under the background of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei integration, the construction of major projects is the cornerstone of strengthening the circulation of urban and rural elements and changing the villagers'' concept of production and life. In the future, it is necessary to strengthen the empirical research on the influence of external intervention on the evolution of rural settlements. The government needs to coordinate urban and rural resources, strengthen planning guidance and remediation measures, and promote the reconstruction of village and town system.