油菜集排器供种装置侧向倾斜排种性能试验与分析

针对油菜机械化播种中地表不平引起集排器供种装置倾斜，导致排种稳定性不足的问题，该研究以油菜集排器供种装置为对象，构建排种过程中侧向倾斜时种子与供种装置型孔间的力学模型，应用EDEM仿真开展供种装置侧向倾斜角度和供种装置转速对排种过程中型孔中的种子种量及种子运移轨迹影响的双因素试验。仿真结果表明：在0～5°范围内，沿播种机作业方向侧向倾斜角度逐渐增大时，充种、携种过程中倾斜一侧型孔中的种子数量相对无倾斜状态时的平均增加量在0%～36.55%内逐渐增加，另一侧型孔中的种子数量相对无倾斜状态时的平均减少量在0%～26.68%内逐渐增加。利用智能种植机械测试平台开展供种装置转速为20～40 r/min时不同侧向倾斜和摆动对供种装置排种性能影响的试验。结果表明：投种口Ⅰ、投种口Ⅱ排种量与仿真试验中投种口Ⅰ、投种口Ⅱ排种量比值的平均误差为3.86%；随侧向倾斜、侧向摆动、侧向往复摆动角度的增加，总排种速率相对无倾斜状态时的增加量在0%～9.02%内逐渐增大；通过提高供种装置转速，可减少侧向倾斜和摆动对排种性能的影响。研究结果可为供种装置的结构改进和性能提升提供参考。

Experiments and analysis on seeding performance of seed feeding device of rapeseed centralized metering device under lateral tilt

In order to solve the problems that the surface unevenness leads to the tilt of the seed feeding device of centralized metering device in rapeseed mechanized seeding, which causes insufficient seeding stability, the seed feeding device of centralized metering device was taken as the research object, the working process of the seed feeding device were analysied and the mechanical models between rapeseed and the type hole of the seed feeding device were built at different lateral tilt angle during the seed filling, seed carrying and seed dropping process. The effects of lateral tilt angle perpendicular to work direction and rotating speed of seed feeding device on seeds quantity in type hole and seeds migration trajectory during seeding process were analyzed by EDEM simulation. The simulation results showed that with the increase of the tilt angle within 0°-5°, the average increase of seed quantity in type hole of the tilt side relative to the no tilt increased within 0%-36.55%, and the average decrease of seed quantity in type hole on the other side relative to the no tilt decreased within 0%-26.68% during seed filling and seed carrying process. The ratio ranged from 1.02 to 2.7 between the highest seed quantity of type hole 1 and the lowest seed quantity of type hole 4. During the process of seed dropping, when the rotating speed of seed feeding device was fixed, with the increase of lateral tilt angle ranged from 0° to 5°, relative to the no tilt state, the average seed quantity increase of seed dropping port I was 0%-86.82% and the average seed quantity decrease of seed dropping port II was 0%-75.65%, respectively As the rotating speed of the seed feeding device was 20 r/min and 40 r/min, the ratio of seed quantity of seed dropping port I to that of seed dropping port II was 14.4 and 5.29, respectively. The intelligent test platform of planting machines was used to test the effects of different lateral tilt and swing on seeding performance of the seed feeding device. The experimental results indicated that the average error of seed quantity between the bench test and simulation test was 3.86%, which showed that the simulation results were reasonable and credible. With the increase of the absolute value of the lateral tilt angle, the increase of the total seeding rate was 0.76%-8.72% compared with the total seeding rate without tilt. With the increase of the absolute value of the lateral swing angle, the change of the seeding rate of the seed dropping port I and II was 0%-55.61% compared with the no tilt state, and the increase of the total seeding rate was 0.65%-4.23%. With the increase of lateral reciprocating swing, the increase of total seeding rate was 1.12%-9.02% compared with that of no tilt state. The test results showed that lateral tilt, lateral swing and lateral reciprocating swing had significant influence on seeding stability. The effects of lateral tilt and swing on seeding performance could be reduced by increasing the rotating speed of the seed feeding device. The results can provide reference for promoting the structure improvement and performance improvement of the seed feeding device.