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同步开沟起垄施肥水稻精量旱穴直播机设计与试验
引用本文:曾 山,汤海涛,罗锡文,马国辉,王在满,臧 英,张明华.同步开沟起垄施肥水稻精量旱穴直播机设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(20):12-19.
作者姓名:曾 山  汤海涛  罗锡文  马国辉  王在满  臧 英  张明华
作者单位:1. 华南农业大学工程学院,广州 510642
2. 华南农业大学南方农业机械与装备关键技术教育部重点实验室,广州510642
3. 国家杂交水稻工程研究中心,长沙 410125
4. 湖南省农业科学研究院土壤肥料研究所,长沙 410125
基金项目:广东省科技计划项目"同步开沟起垄施肥水稻精量穴直播技术与机具"(2009A020103006);广东高校产学研结合示范基地及科技成果转化重大项目"水稻精量穴直播技术应用及产业化示范"(cgzhzd0906);科技部星火计划项目"水稻精量穴直播技术与机具"(2010GA780008);公益性行业专项"水稻机械化精准种植模式与关键技术集成示范"(201203059))948计划项目:南方水稻农机农艺结合新技术引进与消化推广(2011-G18(2)
摘    要:根据水稻旱直播同步施肥播种的农艺要求,研制了一种同步开沟起垄施肥水稻精量旱穴直播机,可同步完成开沟、起垄、施肥、覆盖和播种作业。该机器在2BDH-8型水稻精量旱穴直播机上增加施肥装置改装而成,根据水稻旱穴直播施肥农艺要求设计了排肥动力传动系统、排肥系统和施肥开沟器,排种、排肥动力均来自于拖拉机;采用锐角式施肥沟开沟器,在距种沟水平距离100~120mm处开出宽50mm、深50~70mm的施肥沟;采用外槽轮式排肥器将肥料排入施肥沟底,施肥后由播种机拖板刮土覆盖施肥沟。生产试验结果表明,机械定位深施肥的节肥增产效果明显,同等施肥量条件下,机械施肥播种处理与人工施肥播种处理相比,水稻分蘖能力平均增加6.9穗/蔸,增幅25.2%;相对叶绿素含量(SPAD值)平均增加8.9,增幅29.8%;氮素利用效率绝对值提高13.78%,增幅22.3%;氮素偏生产力每千克氮提高20.54kg,增幅46.3%;产量增加1411.5kg/hm2,增幅29.5%。同步开沟起垄施肥水稻精量旱直播机能同时完成开沟、起垄、施肥、覆盖和播种作业,且与人工施肥播种相比增产显著,研究结果可为指导水稻旱直播定位深施肥节氮栽培提供理论依据。

关 键 词:设计  农业机械  施肥  开沟  起垄  旱穴直播机  水稻
收稿时间:2012/3/14 0:00:00
修稿时间:2012/9/15 0:00:00

Design and experiment of precision rice hill-drop drilling machine for dry land with synchronous fertilizing
Zeng Shan,Tang Haitao,Luo Xiwen,Ma Guohui,Wang Zaiman,Zang Ying,and Zhang Minghu.Design and experiment of precision rice hill-drop drilling machine for dry land with synchronous fertilizing[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2012,28(20):12-19.
Authors:Zeng Shan  Tang Haitao  Luo Xiwen  Ma Guohui  Wang Zaiman  Zang Ying  and Zhang Minghu
Institution:1,2 (1. College of Engineering, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou 510642, China; 2. Key Laboratory of Key Technology on Agricultural Machine and Equipment, Ministry of Education, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou 510642, China; 3. Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha 410125, China; 4. Institute of Soil and Fertilizer Research, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha 410125, China)
Abstract:According to the agronomic requirements of rice direct seeding technique with synchronous fertilizing, a precision rice hill-drop drilling machine for dry land with opening furrows, forming ridges, applying fertilizer, covering and seeding synchronously was developed. A fertilizing device was added to the 2BDH-8 type rice hill-drop drilling machine developed in South China Agricultural University. The power transmission system, fertilizing system and furrow opener were designed. The seeding and fertilizing system was both powered by the tractor engine to ensure the synchronization of seeding and fertilizing. An acute angle furrow opener was designed to open furrows with 50 mm wide, 50-70 mm deep and 100-120 mm away from seeding furrows. Fertilizers were applied into the bottom of the furrows through an external slot wheeled feeder and then covered with soil. Experimental results showed that the synchronous deep fertilizing could increase the production efficiency significantly than the manual fertilizing. With the same fertilizing level, compared with artificial fertilization seeding, synchronous fertilizing improved the rice tillering by an average of 6.9 spikes per individual plant with an increase of 25.2%, increased the average SPAD value by 8.9 with 29.8%, improved nitrogen use efficiency by 13.78% with 22.3%, improved partial productivity of nitrogen by 20.54 kg/kg·N with an increase of 46.3%, and increased rice yield by 1411.5 kg/hm2 with an improvement of 29.5%.The results showed that this machine can complete opening furrows, forming ridges, applying fertilizer, covering and seeding synchronously, and the yield increased significantly than the manual fertilizing. The experimental results can provide a theoretical basis of nitrogen saving cultivation for guiding the rice hill-drop drilling machine in dry land with deep fertilization.
Keywords:design  agricultural machinery  fertilization  opening furrows  forming ridges  hill-drop drilling machine  rice
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