淡水鱼腹背定向装置设计及试验

针对目前淡水鱼前处理设备主要采用人工进行定向喂料,劳动强度大、效率低,同时鱼体定向整理设备缺乏等问题,该研究以鱼体腹部横截面近似为楔形的典型大宗淡水鱼鲫鱼为研究对象,在鱼体腹背受力挤压力学特性研究的基础上,提出了一种淡水鱼鱼体腹背定向方法,同时分析了鱼体腹背定向机理,设计并试制了淡水鱼鱼体腹背定向试验装置。选取鲫鱼为试验对象,以定向成功率和定向时间为试验指标,对淡水鱼鱼体腹背定向试验装置的主要参数进行了优化。通过单因素试验探究了辊形、对辊间隙、鱼体输送速度、对辊转速等装置主要参数对鱼体腹背定向的影响规律。在单因素试验结果的基础上,进行了正交试验,试验结果表明:各因素间的最优水平组合为:对辊间隙50 mm,对辊转速50 r/min,鱼体输送速度0.6 m/s时,在此最优水平组合下,定向成功率为100%,定向时间为0.55 s,试验装置工作运行参数最佳。该文的研究结果可为淡水鱼鱼体定向设备的研发提供理论依据和技术参考。

Design and test of orientation device for freshwater fishes' abdomen and back

Fish feeding is a key link to the pre-processing of fishes, as the recent increase in the reproductive output offreshwater fishes.At present,mechanical processingis widely used in the pre-processingof freshwater fishes. However, most fish pre-treatment equipment is lacking of the specific device to automatically position the fish body when fish feeding, rather than manually feeding. The current manual feeding is restricting the industrial development of the pre-treatment processing for freshwater fishes due to its high labor intensity and low efficiency when fish feeding. To realize the automatic feeding of freshwater, this present study aimed to design a sort of mechanical orientation device for pre-treatment processing equipment when fish feeding. A typical bulk freshwater fish, Carassius auratus,was selected as research objects. This selection is because Carassiusaur atushas approximately wedge-shape abdomen in the cross-sectional fish body, where exhibit certain mechanical characteristics when the fish’s abdomen and back were squeezed at the same time. Asuitable method was then proposed for the orientation of the freshwaterfish’sabdomen and back, as well the related mechanism was analyzed. A test device was finally designed and manufactured for the orientationof the freshwater fish’sabdomen and back. The systematic experiments were carried out on the test device for the freshwater fish’sabdomen and back when fish feeding. The orientation success rate and orientation time were recoded during the test,to be used as the evaluation index of each test. The main parameters of the test device were optimized, and the optimal values were also determined to locatethe freshwater fish’sabdomen and back. The main working parameters of the test device were set as the roller shape, roller gap, fish bodytransport speed and the roller rotation rate. First, singlefactor tests were utilized to investigate the effects of these parameters on the abdomen and back orientation of the fish body. Then, an orthogonal test was performed to systematically explore the specific factors on the position operation of the fish body. The results of the orthogonal test showed that the combination among various factors in the optimal level was: the gap of the roller was 50 mm, the rotation rate of the roller was 50 r/min, and the transport speed of the fishbody was 0.6 m/s.Under this optimal level combination, the orientation success rate was 100%, orientation time was 0.55 second, indicating that the working state of the test device for freshwater fishes’ abdomen and back was reached the optimal state. The related results on the abdomen and back orientation of freshwater fishes can provide insightful theoretical basis and sound technical reference for the development of orientation equipment for feeding in freshwater fish processing.