糠醛渣改良土壤增强苕子对盐碱土的适应性

科学合理的盐碱土改良措施对植物在盐碱土上适应性栽培具有重要的科学意义与应用价值。该研究旨在通过施用糠醛渣探讨盐碱土土壤特性及植物生长适应性栽培研究,为糠醛渣在盐碱土的合理使用提供科学依据。试验按土壤质量为基数确定糠醛渣的用量,试验由添加量0、5%、10%糠醛渣的盐碱土3个处理组成,温室条件下进行盆栽试验。结果表明,施用糠醛渣不仅降低盐碱土pH和含盐量,而且显著提升了土壤微生物多样性Sobs和Shannon指数,降低了simpson指数降低。主要表现在变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)成为优势菌门。施用糠醛渣增加了苕子叶片中叶绿素、可溶性糖含量和脯氨酸含量。显著增强了过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性。施用糠醛渣明显促进苕子生长发育,增加了苕子苗期生物量,5%糠醛渣用量处理改良盐碱土效果较优。研究表明糠醛渣通过改善盐碱土的其理化特性及生物多样性分布,促进苕子的生长发育,研究为糠醛渣在盐碱地土壤改良及植物适应性栽培的合理应用提供了科学依据与参考。

Enhancing the adaptation of Vicia villosa Roth to salinity-alkalinity soils improved using furfural residues

Saline-alkali soil is one of the most common environmental stressful factors in the agriculture ecosystem, and severely limits plant growth and development, thus greatly reducing the use of land with salinization-alkalization. Songnen plain is one of the three typical region representing soda saline-alkali soil in the world, and remains to be developed as potential land resource because of higher contents of Na2 CO3 and Na HCO3 in soils. Therefore, improving saline-alkali soil is of great importance for enchancing the adaptive cultivation of plants. Furfural residue has lower p H value and contains higher organic matter,and could be largely utilized as soil conditioner because of its lower cost. To explore the effect of furfural residue on regulation of physico-chemical properties and bacterial community diversity of saline-alkali soil, we performed a preliminary experiment by planting Vicia villosa Roth in saline-alkaline soil. In this study, depending on the preliminary experiment, three treatments were designed by the addition of 0, 5% and 10% furfural residue, respectively, and pot experiment was carried out in a greenhouse for 3 months to investigate the changes of soil microbial diversity and physiological metabolites in Vicia villosa Roth.The results showed that application of furfural residue effectively lowered the p H value and salt content in saline-alkali soil,and increased the Sobs and Shannon index in soils. In detail, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Chloroflexi become the dominant bacteria under supply of furfural residue. Compared with the treatment without addition of furfural residue,the treatment with addition of 5% furfural residue obviously reduced the ammounts of the Proteobacteria and Green Curvularia, but significantly increased the community of other bacterias. However, application of 10% furfural residue significantly increased the enrichment of Actinomycetes, Bacteroides, Bacillus and Patescibacteria in soils, and lowered the community of the other bacteria. The application of 5% furfural residue not only significantly increased the biomass and root length of Vicia villosa Roth compared with the control(P<0.05), but also increased the accumulation of chlorophyll, soluble sugar and proline in leaves of Vicia villosa Roth. Meanwhile, the application of 5% furfural residue obviously increased the activities of peroxidase(POD), catalase(CAT) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) in the leaves compared with the treatment without furfural residue(p<0.05), thus promoting the adaptability of Vicia villosa Roth in saline-alkali soil. Data shows that the application of 5% furfural residue revealed the best effect in improving saline-alkali soil. This study indicates that furfural residue can effectively alleviate the damage of salt-alkali stress to the plant by improving the physico-chemical properties and increasing microbial diversity of saline-alkali soil, and significantly lower the toxicity damage of salt stress ions to the root system, thus improving the growth and development of the root system, and promoting photosynthesis and the accumulation of dry matter. This study provides a better reference for the reasonable applivation of furfural residue in improving cultivation of plants in saline-alkali soil.