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生物质炭输入减少稻田痕量温室气体排放
引用本文:李松,李海丽,方晓波,史惠祥.生物质炭输入减少稻田痕量温室气体排放[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(21):234-240.
作者姓名:李松  李海丽  方晓波  史惠祥
作者单位:1. 浙江大学环境与资源学院,杭州 310058; 浙江农林大学环境与资源学院,杭州 311300
2. 浙江农林大学环境与资源学院,杭州,311300
3. 浙江大学环境与资源学院,杭州,310058
基金项目:国家水专项子课题(2008ZX07101-006-02-05);校人才启动项目(2010FR035)
摘    要:为揭示不同水平生物质炭输入对稻田土壤理化性质、水稻产量及温室气体排放的影响,采用自制竹炭在4种不同施用水平下(0、10、20、40 t/hm2)输入稻田土壤,开展了水稻一个生长周期的田间试验。结果表明,生物质炭输入可显著提高土壤p H值和有机碳含量(P0.05),且有机碳含量增幅与生物质炭施用水平呈正比(相关系数为0.78,P0.01)。生物质炭施用可显著降低土壤容重(P0.05),最大降幅为0.25 g/cm3,土壤容重随着生物质炭施用量的增加而降低。不同处理水稻产量无显著性差异(P0.05)。CH4累积排放量与生物质炭施用量呈负相关性(相关系数为-0.24,P0.01),投加生物质炭可显著降低稻田CH4排放通量和累积排放量(P0.05),但过量施用生物质炭(超过20 t/hm2)并不能显著降低CH4累积排放量(P0.05)。相比对照处理(不输入生物质炭),生物质炭输入后一周内可显著性降低N2O排放通量(P0.05),并在排水烤田时升高,最终稳定于9.80 mg/(m2·h)。生物质炭输入可显著性降低N2O累积排放量(P0.05),但不同水平生物质炭输入处理之间差异不显著(P0.05)。该试验条件下,生物质炭施用量为20 t/hm2时可实现稻田稳产和固碳减排目标,该研究可为太湖地区苕溪流域稻田增汇和温室气体减排提供参考。

关 键 词:生物质  甲烷  土壤  稻田土壤  生物质炭  竹炭  氧化亚氮  排放通量
收稿时间:2014/9/23 0:00:00
修稿时间:2014/10/30 0:00:00

Biochar input to reduce trace greenhouse gas emission in paddy field
Li Song,Li Haili,Fang Xiaobo and Shi Huixiang.Biochar input to reduce trace greenhouse gas emission in paddy field[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2014,30(21):234-240.
Authors:Li Song  Li Haili  Fang Xiaobo and Shi Huixiang
Institution:1. College of Environmental and Resources Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China2. School of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China;2. School of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China;2. School of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China;1. College of Environmental and Resources Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
Abstract:Abstract: Biochar application to the paddy field may be an effective method to deal with global climate change for the mankind. The effect of four different application rates of biochar made from bamboo added to the paddy field on soil quality, rice yield and trace greenhouse gas emissions was investigated by a field experiment to provide a scientific basis for biochar agricultural application. The experiment was carried out in a rice farm from Tai Lake Region and consisted of four treatments, biochar at 10 t/hm2 (T1), biochar at 20 t/hm2 (T2), biochar at 40 t/hm2 (T3), and paddy field without biochar application as a control (T0). Each treatment had three replicates arranged in a completely randomized block design. Changes in soil chemical and physical properties, rice yield and trace greenhouse gases (CH4, N2O) emissions with biochar addition were investigated during a whole rice growing season of 2013. The results showed that, comparing with the control treatment, soil pH value and organic carbon content were significantly increased (P<0.05) after biochar application, and the increase of organic carbon content was proportional to biochar application amount (r=0.78, P<0.01). Soil bulk density was significantly decreased with the increasing biochar application rate (P<0.05). Biochar application had no significant effect on soil cation exchange capacity, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and quick-acting potassium content (P>0.05). Rice yields of four treatments were respectively 8 120.6±468.2, 8 313.5±221.8, 8 505.4±381.2 and 7 996.8±285.6 kg/hm2, and had no significant difference with biochar application amount (P>0.05), and the same result was obtained by the experiment of 2014, which showed biochar application cannot increase rice yield effectively, but can stable rice yield sustainably. CH4 emission flux decreased gradually with the increase of biochar application amount. Meanwhile, CH4 cumulative emission decreased effectively with biochar application. There was a negative correlation between CH4 cumulative emission and biochar application amount (r=-0.24, P<0.01).However, CH4 cumulative emission cannot decrease significantly by excessive biochar application (P>0.05). Comparing with the control (T0), N2O emission flux decreased significantly within a week after biochar application (P<0.05), and rose slightly during the drainage of the paddy field, and finally reached a steady value (about 9.80 mg/(m2·h)) for three biochar application treatments (T1, T2 and T3). However, there was no significant difference with CH4 cumulative emission between the treatments of biochar at 20 t/hm2 (T2) and 40 t/hm2 (T3) (P>0.05), implying that CH4 cumulative emission cannot decrease effectively by excessive biochar application (>20 t/hm2 for the purple clay soil in the Tai Lake region). N2O cumulative emission decreased significantly with biochar application (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference among the treatments with different biochar application rates (P>0.05). CH4 and N2O emission fluxes and cumulative emissions showed the similar changes according to the preliminary experiment results of 2014. In this experiment, considering the effect and cost comprehensively, biochar application amount at 20 t/hm2 could be a technical option to reach low carbon emission intensity and stable rice producitivity in the rice paddy agriculture. It also provided a viable way to realize the enhancement of carbon sequestration and the mitigation of greenhouse emissions in the Tiaoxi Watershed of Tai Lake region.
Keywords:biomass  methane  soils  paddy soil  biochar  bamboo carbon  nitrous oxide  emission flux
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