实体水-虚拟水"二维三元"耦合流动理论基本框架

在变化环境下,区域水资源系统演变规律正在发生深刻变化。解决新形势下出现的水问题单单依靠传统的实体水资源规划、调度和调控手段还不够。虚拟水概念和理论的提出拓展了水文水资源的认知范畴,丰富了水问题的解决手段。然而,如何搭建虚拟水理论与传统水文水资源认知体系的统一框架,认识自然-经济-社会连续系统中水资源演化的新规律,目前学界还没有成熟统一的看法。该文首先提出了实体水-虚拟水耦合流动效应的基本理论框架,指出实体水-虚拟水耦合流动是现代环境下自然-经济-社会水资源系统呈现的新特征。其次,从文明进步和生产力发展角度,论述了人类社会水文水资源系统的演化历史,将水文水资源系统演进大体分为三个阶段:早期的实体水"一维一元"自然循环阶段,近现代的实体水"二元"水循环阶段和当前的实体水-虚拟水"二维三元"耦合流动阶段。最后,该文详细论述了实体水-虚拟水耦合流动过程的路径结构,并针对其流动过程和状态表征提出了定量表达方程,初步构建了实体水-虚拟水耦合流动基本理论框架。

Framework of "two-dimension three-element" coupling flow of real water and virtual water

Abstract: With the background of changing environment and fast economic globalization, the regional hydrology and water resource system is experiencing profound changes. Under this new situation, to solve the problem of water scarcity and imbalance water associated with water cycle process, only relying on the traditional water resource planning, regulating and management is not enough. The concept of virtual water widens the cognitive scope of hydrology and water resources and enriches the ways to cope with water-related issues. However, it is still not clear about how to construct an integrated scientific framework combining the virtual water theory with the traditional hydrology and water resource theory, and how to consider the new evolution law of water resources in the entire natural, economic and social systems. The paper firstly presented a basic framework of real water and virtual water coupling flow effect. The coupling flow regime between real water and virtual water was a new important characteristic of the natural-social water resource system in the context of modern environment. Secondly, from the perspective of historical evolution, this study discussed the developing process of the hydrology and water resource system in human society. There were mainly 3 phases in the evolution process of water resource system since the birth of human civilization. In ancient time (before Industrial Revolution in 1760s), when the productive force level was low and the human''s influence on water resource system was small, the driving force of water resource system was almost the natural power (e.g., gravity, solar energy). Thus the water flow route of water resource system in this phase could be defined as "one-dimension one-element" flow. The "one-dimension" mainly referred to the real water and the "one-element" referred to that the water flowing path of water resource system was only in the natural cycling route. After Industrial Revolution, the productive force level was greatly improved, and the human''s influence on water resource system was correspondingly enhanced. Therefore, the water flow route of water resource system during this time was defined as "one-dimension two-element" flow. Here the "two-element" referred to that the water flowing path of water resource system was not only in the natural cycling route, but also in artificial canal systems. Nowadays, with fast development of economic globalization and international trade, there is not only a huge amount of real water exchanged through large water project, but also a large amount of virtual water embedded in commodities transported by trade among different regions of countries. As a consequence, the water flow route in the water resource system in the new conditions was defined as "two-dimension three-element" (2D-3E) flow. Here the "two-dimension" referred to real water and virtual water and the "three-element" referred to that the water coupling flowing path of the new water resource system included 3 routes (i.e., real water flowing route, real water being transformed to virtual water route, and virtual water flowing route in society). According to the above analysis, our research depicted the 2D-3E flowing route''s structure in detail based on the coupling mechanism of real water and virtual water. At last, a set of equations to quantitatively characterize the coupling flow process were proposed, which could be a good tool for the combined regulation and management of real water and virtual water. On the whole, a preliminary theory of real water and virtual water coupling flow regime is established.