适宜干燥方法提高干制枸杞品质

为缩短鲜枸杞的干制时间，获得高品质的干制枸杞，该文通过比较自然晾晒、燃煤烘干房以及太阳能干燥设备对枸杞的干燥效率的差异以及测定并分析3种干燥方式获得干果的主要功能性成分（总糖、总黄酮、多糖、甜菜碱，类胡萝卜素）含量及外观品质和出糖率的差异。试验结果表明，采用太阳能干燥设备干燥枸杞的时间最少约为26 h，功能性成分总质量分数约71.71 g/(100 g)，与其他2种干燥方式相比功能性成分损失降低，干枸杞色泽更接近鲜枸杞的色泽，出糖率约为1.53%，低于其他2种干燥方式。太阳能干燥设备对于枸杞干燥具有显著的优势，应用前景广阔。

Optimal drying method improving quality of Lycium barbarum L

Abstract: Lycium barbarum L is the fruit with rich sweet and sour taste. It is not only the traditional medicinal material, but also a kind of nutritional supplement. Lycium barbarum L has seasonal and regional characteristics for harvest and short storage period. So the drying of Lycium barbarum L becomes a kind of important processing. At present, the drying of Lycium barbarum L is mainly traditional natural drying. This method needs long drying time and the mildew rate is high, so it has no guarantee to the quality of the products. It is difficult to meet the needs of the modern production. The drying in coal-fired drying room needs high energy consumption and produces severe pollution during the drying process. The temperature and humidity is not easy to control. The fireworks affect the quality of the dried Chinese wolfberry seriously. The solar drying equipment appears in Ningxia region in recent years. It uses solar energy and electrical energy to dry Lycium barbarum L. It is able to not only save energy and protect environment but also dry fast. The Lycium barbarum L was dried by natural drying, coal-fired drying room and solar drying equipment separately, and the drying rates of Lycium barbarum L were compared by weighing method. Their main functional components were measured and analyzed through the variance. The appearance quality and the rate of sugar were measured and analyzed as well. The fresh Lycium barbarum L was soaked by 5% sodium carbonate solution. Three wire weighing boxes were for a group and put in the coal-fired drying room, the solar drying equipment and the yard of cooperative separately. It was weighed once every 2 hours until it reached the standard of drying. The drying time of the 3 methods was recorded. The test results showed that the drying time of the natural air drying was about 78 h and that of the coal-fired drying room was 34 h. The shortest drying time of the solar drying equipment was about 26 h. The results showed that the content of the main functional components of Lycium barbarum L by the solar drying equipment drying was the highest, and it was about 71.77 g/(100 g). The main functional components of Lycium barbarum L by the coal-fired drying room was about 64.59 g/(100 g), and that by the natural drying was the lowest, about 57.84 g/(100 g). The Colourimetry was used to measure the color of the dried Lycium barbarum L. The results showed that the color and lustre of dried Lycium barbarum L by the solar drying equipment was the closest to that of fresh Lycium barbarum L. The color and lustre of dried Lycium barbarum L by the natural drying was the worst. The lowest syrup yield of dried Lycium barbarum L was obtained by the solar drying equipment, and it was about 1.533 g/(100 g). The highest syrup yield of dried Lycium barbarum L was obtained by the natural drying, and it was about 6.739 g/(100 g).