Vertical gradients of potential enzyme activities in soil profiles of European beech,Norway spruce and Scots pine dominated forest sites |
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| Institution: | 1. Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knoell-Str. 10, 07745 Jena, Germany;2. Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, Soil Biology Section, University of Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff-Str. 27, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany;3. Institute of Geography, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Löbdergraben 32, 07743 Jena, Germany;1. Climate Change and Agro-ecology Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Suwon 441-707, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Herbal Crop Research, Rural Development Administration, 80 Bisanri, Eumseong, Chungbuk 369-873, Republic of Korea;1. UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland;2. Department of Soil Quality, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands;3. UCD Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland;1. Institute of Ecology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Str. 159, 07743 Jena, Germany;2. Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, 1530 North Cleveland Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA;3. Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia;4. Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA;1. Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Ecology, Dornburger Str. 159, 07743 Jena, Germany;2. Technische Universität München, Terrestrial Ecology, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Center for Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany;1. Institute of Biology, Ecology Group, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philippstr. 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany;2. Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops Großbeeren, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Großbeeren, Germany;1. Center for Ecosystem Science and Society (Ecoss), Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA;2. Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA;3. Canadian Rivers Institute, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3 B 5A3, Canada;4. South Central Climate Science Center, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA |
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| Abstract: | Management of forest sites has the potential to modulate soil organic matter decomposition by changing the catalytic properties of soil microorganisms within a soil profile. In this study we examined the impact of forest management intensity and soil physico-chemical properties on the variation of enzyme activities (β-glucosidase, β-xylosidase, α-glucosidase, phenol oxidase, N-acetyl-glucosaminidase, l-leucine aminopeptidase, phosphatase) in the topsoil and two subsoil horizons in three German regions (Schorfheide-Chorin, Hainich-Dün, Schwäbische Alb). The sandy soils in the Schorfheide-Chorin (SCH) showed lower ratios of the activity of carbon (C) acquiring enzymes (β-glucosidase) relative to nitrogen (N) acquiring enzymes (N-acetyl-glucosaminidase + l-leucine aminopeptidase), and activity of C acquiring enzymes relative to phosphorous (P) acquiring enzymes (phosphatase) than the finer textured soils in the Hainich-Dün (HAI) and Schwäbische Alb (ALB), indicating a shift in investment to N and P acquisition in the SCH. All enzyme activities, except phenol oxidase activity, decreased in deeper soil horizons as concentrations of organic C and total N did, while the decrease was much stronger from the topsoil to the first subsoil horizon than from the first subsoil to the second subsoil horizon. In contrast, phenol oxidase activity showed no significant decrease towards deeper soil horizons. Additionally, enzyme activities responsible for the degradation of more recalcitrant C relative to labile C compounds increased in the two subsoil horizons. Subsoil horizons in all regions also indicate a shift to higher N acquisition, while the strength of the shift depended on the soil type. Further, our results clearly showed that soil properties explained most of the total variance of enzyme activities in all soil horizons followed by study region, while forest management intensity had no significant impact on enzyme activities. Among all included soil properties, the clay content was the variable that explained the highest proportion of variance in enzyme activities with higher enzyme activities in clay rich soils. Our results highlight the need for large scale studies including different regions and their environmental conditions in order to derive general conclusions on which factors (anthropogenic or environmental) are most influential on enzyme activities in the whole soil profile in the long term at the regional scale. |
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| Keywords: | Silvicultural management Enzyme activity ratios Specific enzyme activities Redundancy analysis Variance partitioning |
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