Mercury in swedish forest soils and waters — Assessment of critical load |
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Authors: | Kjell Johansson Mats Aastrup Arne Andersson Lage Bringmark Ake Iverfeldt |
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Institution: | 1. Research Dep., Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, S-171 85, Solnal 2. Swedish Geological Survey, Box 670, S-750 07, Uppsala 3. Dep. of Soil Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-750 07, Uppsala 7 4. Environ. Quality Lab., Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, Box 7050, S-75007, Uppsala 5. Swedish Environmental Research Institute, P.O. Box 47086, S-402 58, G?teborg
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Abstract: | As a result of air pollution, the content of Hg in fish has significantly increased in a large part of Scandinavia and North
America. In this paper, the occurence and fluxes of Hg in Swedish forest soils and waters are reviewed and synthesized. The
main objective is to describe and evaluate the present transport of anthropogenic Hg from atmospheric deposition, through
the terrestrial compartment and running waters to lake basins and also to comprehend the main factors influencing these fluxes.
The transportation and distribution. of Hg in forest soils and waters is closely related to the flow of organic matter. The
content of Hg in humic matter is higher in southern and central areas compared to the north of the country. Compared to background
concentrations, the Hg content has increased in the southern and central part by about a factor of 4–7, while the overall
increase in the north is by about a factor of 2 to 3. The increased content of Hg in forest soils may have an effect on organisms
and biological processes in the soil. Regarding budget calculations for whole catchment areas and for the mor layer of the
soil, a reduction of about 80% from present atmospheric wet deposition must be obtained to reach “critical load” with respect
to conditions in Scandinavia. |
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