含抗白粉病新基因普通小麦-黑麦1R二体异附加系的遗传学鉴定

黑麦（Secale cereale）含有丰富的优良基因，在小麦遗传改良中具有重要利用价值。为了鉴定普通小麦（Triticum aestivum）与奥地利黑麦杂交后代选育的抗白粉病品系N9436-1的黑麦遗传物质，对其进行了细胞学、基因组原位杂交、Giemsa-C分带、SCAR（sequence characterized amplified region）标记以及酸性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(A-PAGE)分析。结果表明，N9436-1形态学和细胞学稳定，2n=44=22Ⅱ，对白粉病免疫，携带奥地利黑麦的多小穗性状。以奥地利黑麦总基因组DNA为探针的原位杂交结果及Giemsa C-分带显示，N9436-1含有2条奥地利黑麦的1R染色体， SCAR标记鉴定及A-PAGE分析进一步证实N9436-1携带有黑麦遗传物质，表明N9436-1携带的抗白粉病基因不同于Pm8和Pm17，是新的抗白粉病基因，可作为白粉病抗源用于小麦抗病育种。

Genetic Identification of Wheat-rye 1R Alien Disomic Additional Line with Novel Resistant Gene to Powdery Mildew

Rye (Secale cereale) with multi-spikelet and resistant gene to powdery mildew, is beneficial for wheat genetic improvement. Wheat germplasm N9436-1 is bred from the progeny of Austria rye × common wheat （Triticum aestivum） Shaanmai 611. In the present study, cytology, Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), Giemsa C-banding, sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) and A-PAGE were used to detect rye chromatin of N9436-1. The result showed that the morphology and cytology of N9436-1 was stable with chromosome configuration of 2n=44=22Ⅱ. N9436-1, with multi-spikelet, was immune to powdery mildew. GISH and C-banding showed that N9436-1 was wheat-rye 1R disomic additional line. SCAR and APAGE analysis further displayed that the line N9436-1 had the genetic material of rye. Pm8 and Pm17 of 1R chromosome were not resistant to powdery mildew, while N9436-1 was resistant to it. So there is probably a new gene on 1R chromosome of the line N9436 resisting to powdery mildew and can be used as resistant resource of powdery mildew for wheat breeding.