“红灯”甜樱桃对秋季叶施15N-尿素的吸收、分配及利用特性

在田间条件下以7年生"红灯"甜樱桃/大青叶为试材,探讨了甜樱桃不同枝类叶片对晚秋叶施¹⁵N-尿素的吸收和翌年的分配及利用特性,研究了晚秋叶面施氮对果实品质的影响。结果表明:晚秋对甜樱桃叶面施用浓度为1.00%的¹⁵N-尿素,施用总量的16.30%1～7.27%随落叶脱离树体,其余82.73%8～3.70%进入树体。在翌年,叶片回流贮藏的氮素化合物可迅速转移到新生器官中,不同处理间的¹⁵N分配运转特性存在差异。长枝叶片吸收、回流贮藏的氮素化合物在翌年铃铛花期主要供应至新梢,促进营养生长;随着物候期的推移,表现出明显的极性分配特性。短枝叶片吸收、回流的氮素化合物主要运至花、果等生殖器官中,用于甜樱桃开花、结果。验证试验表明:叶施尿素处理甜樱桃果实单果重较对照增加21.84%;总糖含量、糖酸比分别提高11.98%、21.84%,同时叶施尿素促进了己醛、2-己烯醛(、E)-2-己烯-1-醇、苯甲醛4种果实重要香气成分的合成。

Characteristics of absorption,distribution and utilization of foliar applied 15N-Urea in Autumn in "Hongdeng" sweet cherry

The characteristics of absorption,distribution and utilization of foliar applied ¹⁵N-urea in autumn and the effect of foliar spray of urea on the fruit quality under the condition of field cultivation by using seven-year-old "Hongdeng" sweet cherry(Prunus.avium L.var.Hongdeng/Daqingye) were studied.The results showed that 16.30%-17.27% of the ¹⁵N-urea was lost with the fallen leaves,and the rest 82.73%-83.70% ¹⁵N was absorpted.The stored nitrogen compound could be rapidly transported into the new organs in the next year,but the characteristics of transportation and distribution was differential.¹⁵N regurgitant and stored from branch leaves was transported to the new shoot leaves firstly,which was advantageous to vegetative growth.With time,it took on a polar distribution characteristic,then ¹⁵N regurgitant and stored from spur leaves mainly transported to the blossom organs and fruits,which was advantageous to blossoms and fruit set of sweet cherry.Our results showed that foliar application of urea could increase the fruit weight by 21.84%,improve the fruit sugar content and sugar/acid by 11.98%,21.84% compared to ck,and it could also improve the important aroma contents of fruit,such as hexanal,2-hexenal,(E)-2-hexen-1-ol,benzaldehyde.