基施硒肥对莜麦产量和微量元素含量的影响

在河南省黄河滩区，通过研究基施硒肥(亚硒酸钠)对莜麦青干草和果实产量以及微量元素含量的影响，探索提高莜麦产量以及微量元素含量的新途径。结果表明: 1）基施硒肥能提高莜麦的青干草产量， 当基施量为954 g/hm2的情况下，效果最佳，扬花期青干草产量提高9.33%（P0.05），但基施硒肥对莜麦果实产量影响不显著; 2）莜麦对硒有较强的吸收和同化能力，可以从肥料中大量吸收无机硒，并大多转化为有机硒向上运输到茎叶和果实中; 3）基施硒肥能在不同程度上提高莜麦青干草中Cu、 Zn和Se的含量，而对Fe和Mn的含量影响不大，当硒肥基施量在954 g/hm2的情况下，扬花期青干草中Cu、 Zn和Se的含量分别提高 9.31%（P0.05）、 13.22% （P0.05）和281.25%（P0.05）; 4）基施硒肥能显著提高莜麦果实中Fe、 Cu、 Zn和Se的含量，而对Mn的含量影响不大，当硒肥基施量在954 g/hm2的情况下，Cu、 Zn和Se的含量分别比不施硒对照提高7.92%（P0.05）、 5.75%（P0.05）和18.75%（P0.05），当硒肥基施量在765 g/hm2的情况下，莜麦果实中Fe的含量比对照提高10.19%（P0.05）。综上，莜麦对硒肥有较强的吸收和转化能力，适当地基施硒肥有利于提高扬花期青干草中Cu、 Zn和Se的含量和果实中Fe、 Cu、 Zn和Se的含量，适宜的硒基施量为765954 g/hm2。

Effects of basal Se fertilizers on yield and contents of trace elements of naked oat

A field experiment was carried out in a naked oat field on yellow river beach to study effects of basal Se fertilizers (570~1143 g/ha for Na2SeO3?5H2O) on the contents of trace elements of forage and grain of naked oats in order to seek new approaches to enhance nutritional levels of naked oats. The results show that: 1) Basal Se fertilizer could raise the biomass significantly, forage yield was raised by average 9.33% (P0.05) in flowering stage，while there were no significant effects on grain yield. 2) The capacities of absorbing selenium from soil fertilizers by naked oats are stronger and as well the transformation from inorganic selenium to organic selenium and from the fertilizers to stems, leaves and grains. 3) The basal Se fertilizers could enhance the contents of Cu, Zn and Se of oat hay significantly (P0.05), while the contents of Fe、Mn and Co are not increased. When application rate of the Se fertilizers is 954 g/ha, the contents of Cu, Zn and Se were enhanced by 9.31% (P＜0.05), 13.22% (P0.05) and 281.25%(P0.05), respectively. 4）The basal Se fertilizers could enhance the contents of Fe，Cu，Zn and Se of naked oat grains significantly (P0.05), while there are no more apparent effects on Mn and Co. When the application rate of the Se fertilizers is 954 g/ha, the contents of Cu, Zn and Se have optimal effects and are enhanced by 7.92 % (P0.05)、5.75%（P＜0.05）and 18.75% (P0.05), respectively. When the application rate of the Se fertilizers is 765 g/ha, the content of Fe has optimal effects and is enhanced by 10.19% (P0.05). In a word, naked oats have stronger capacities to absorb and transfer Se from soil basal fertilizers, rational basal application of Se fertilizers could not only enhance the contents of Cu, Zn and Se of forage in florescence, but also enhance the contents of Fe, Cu, Zn and Se of grains as well, the optimum of basal Se fertilizer range is from 765 g/ha to 954 g/ha.